VE 

B?  S.  MARINE  CORPS 

BOOK 


A  RIFLEMAN'S  INSTRUCTOR 

For  the  U.  S.  Magazine  Rifle,  Caliber  .30,  Model  1903 

(The  New  Springfield) 

With  Model   1906   Ammunition 
SECOND  EDITION  (REVISED) 

For  Use  With  Kifle  No. ±  D     P  5  T     3  P  A 


GIFT 


The  Marine  Corps  Cup 


This  Cup  was  presented  to  the 
National  Rifle  Association  of 
America,  by  the  officers  of  the 
Marine  Corps  and  is  competed  for 
annually  in  an  individual  match, 
called  the  Marine  Corps  Match, 
during  the  matches  of  the  National 
Rifle  Association. 

Conditions — Open  to  everybody. 

Rifle  and  Sights — Any  Military. 

Ammunition — Any. 

Two  sighting  shots  and  twenty 
shots  for  record  at  each  600  and 
1000  yards. 


Designed  and  made  by 
Samuel  Kirk  &  Sons  Co. 


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MARINE  CORPS  SCORE  BOOK   V 

A  Rifleman's  Instructor 

BY 

CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  C.  HARLLEE 
U.  S.  Marine  Corps 

Assisted  by  First  Lieutenants  W.  D.  SMITH  and  C.  F.  B.  PRICE,  U.  S.  M.  C. 


Copyright,  1912,  by  Captain  William  C.  Harllee 

PRICE,  15  CENTS,  POST  PAID 

Discounts  for  quantities  furnished  on  application 


PUBLISHED    AND    PRINTED      BY 

INTERNATIONAL   PRINTING  COMPANY 

236  CHESTNUT  STREET 

PHILADELPHIA 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  suggestions  in  this  score  book  are  principally  for  the 
information  of  beginners.  They  are  the  result  of  experience  in 
the  instruction  of  men  on  the  range  where  it  has  been  learned 
that  the  beginner  must  not  be  confused  with  too  varied  and  com- 
prehensive instruction. 

Most  things  about  shooting  are  simple  when  once  learned, 
but  there  are  so  many  essential  details  that  the  average  beginner 
cannot  keep  them  in  his  attention  unless  in  his  preparation  for 
the  range  he  has  the  essentials  well  fixed  in  his  mind  by  previous 
study  or  instruction. 

These  details  should  be  learned  and  should  form  part  of  the 
course  of  instruction  preceding  the  coming  to  the  range. 

The  kindly  reception  given  the  first  edition  by  riflemen  gen- 
erally is  much  appreciated  and  has  justified  a  second  edition. 
Changes  suggested  by  the  use  of  the  first  edition  and  to  bring  it  up 
to  date  have  been  made. 


PART   I. 

PARTS  OF  THE  RIFLE. 

Every  rifleman  must  know  the  names  of  the  parts  of  his  rifle. 
Take  your  rifle  and  locate  these  parts;  get  an  experienced  man  to 
show  them  to  you. 

Only  the  parts  usually  mentioned  on  the  range  are  included. 

Barrel— muzzle,  breech,  chamber,  bore,  lands,  grooves. 

Receiver — magazine  opening,  clip  slots,  bolt  stop. 

Bolt — handle,  sleeve,  sleeve  lock,  firing  pin,  comb  (or  knob)  of 
firing  pin,  firing  pin  sleeve,  striker,  main  spring,  extractor. 

Ejector— Safety  Lock— Trigger  Guard— Floor  Plate— Floor 
Plate  Catch — Magazine  Spring  Follower — Cut  Off — Sear — Sear 
Spring — Trigger. 

Front  Sight — front  sight  stud,  front  sight  movable  stud. 

Rear  Sight — base,  movable  base,  windage  screw,  sight  leaf,  slide, 
binding  screw,  drift  slide,  peep,  open  sight  notches,  battle  sight 
notch. 

Stock — butt,  toe  of  butt,  heel  of  butt,  small  of  stock,  comb  of 
stock,  balance,  grooves,  hand  guard. 

Butt  Plate— Butt  Plate  Cap— Butt  Swivel. 

Upper  Band — bayonet  lug. 

Stacking  Swivel — Lower  Band — Lower  Band  Swivel — Lower 
Band  Spring. 

Bayonet — pommel,  guard,  scabbard  catch,  bayonet  catch,  grip. 

'M286838 


THE  CARE  AND  CLEANING  OF  THE  RIFLE. 

Unless  a  rifle  is  cleaned  and  cared  for  properly  it  promptly 
becomes  useless  so  far  as  accurate  shooting  is  concerned. 

Rifles  must  never  be  cleaned  from  the  muzzle.  Wearing  or 
injuring  the  muzzle  destroys  accuracy.  Remove  the  bolt  and 
clean  from  the  breech. 

A  cleaning  rack  should  be  provided  at  all  ranges  and  at  all 
barracks,  and  placed  either  in  the  squad  rooms,  or  in  halls  or 
porches  of  barracks,  or  at  other  convenient  and  accessible  places 
so  that  the  best  way  to  clean  will  be  the  easiest  way,  and  so  that 
men  will  form  the  correct  habit.  If  there  are  no  cleaning  racks 
provided,  place  a  piece  of  board  or  paper  on  the  floor,  and  rest 
the  muzzle  on  it  when  you  clean. 

After  shooting  there  are  three  kinds  of  fouling. 

1st.     A  black  fouling  easily  removed  by  a  cleaning  rag. 

2nd.  A  sticky  fouling  which  you  cannot  see  and  which  oil 
will  not  remove.  It  is  acid  in  its  nature,  and  must  be  removed 
by  alkaline  materials  such  as  ammonia  on  a  rag  or  a  solution  of 
crude  soda,  or  soapy  water  pumped  back  and  forth  through  the 
bore.  When  these  are  used  they  must  be  removed  from  the  bore 
immediately,  otherwise  they  will  cause  rust.  They  can  be  re- 
moved by  pumping  clear  water  through  the  bore.  The  bore  is 
then  dried  and  oiled.  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  by  measure  of 

4 


amyl-acetate,  sperm  oil,  acetone  and  turpentine  is  usually  provided 
at  ranges,  and  this  serves  not  only  to  remove  the  fouling  but  also 
as  a  rust  preventive,  and  as  an  oil,  and  is  the  safest  and  best  thing 
to  use  as  it  never  does  the  rifle  any  injury. 

After  being  fired  a  rifle,  must  be  cleaned  daily  for  several  days, 
because  the  bore  sweats,  and  the  daily  cleanings  should  be  con- 
tinued until  rags  run  through  the  bore  come  out  clean.  Otherwise 
a  bore  is  sure  to  rust,  no  matter  how  much  oil  is  put  in  it.  Then 
it  requires  only  to  be  occasionally  cleaned  and  oiled.  If  it  is  to 
be  laid  away  it  should  be  oiled  with  heavy  oil  such  as  .cosmoline 
(vaseline),  or  gas  engine  cylinder  oil. 

3rd.  Metal  fouling.  The  ammunition  now  issued  gives  very 
little  trouble  from  metal  fouling.  In  fact,  very  few  rifles  are 
troubled  with  it  at  all,  and  it  is  so  rare  that  a  man's  instruction  will 
not  be  deficient  if  no  mention  is  made  of  it. 

The  "ammonia  dope"  used  to  remove  it  should  be  handled  only 
by  experienced  men.  The  improper  use  of  it  will  spoil  a  rifle. 
Should  an  occasional  rifle  require  treatment  for  metal  fouling, 
the  formula  for  the  "dope"  and  instructions  for  its  use  can  be  found 
in  the  latter  part  of  this  book. 

The  cloth  of  ammunition  bandoleers  makes  excellent  cleaning 
rags. 


Distance  from  A  to  B  about  24" 
Length  of  N  and  N'=  "  30" 
Length  of  M  and  M'=about  36" 


RACK  FOR  CLEANING  RIFLES. 

The  rifle  rests  in  Aa,  Bb,  or  Aa',  Bb',  etc.,  the  muzzle  being  inserted 
in  hole  a,  or  hole  a',  etc.  Holes  a,  b,  etc.,  are  drilled  through;  holes  a'.  b'  . 
etc.,  are  drilled  half-way  through  as  illustrated.  The  square  cuts  A,  B, 
etc.,  are  of  sufficient  width  to  receive  snugly  small  of  gun  stock.  Distance 
A  to  a  is  such  that  trigger  guard  will  bear  snugly  against  inside  face  of 
A.  Front  legs  (M  and  M'  )  are  of  such  length  as  to  facilitate  cleaning 
the  rifle  when  in  the  rack.  Rear  legs  (N  and  N')  are  slightly  shorter 
than  (M  and  M')  giving  rifle  a  slope.  Distance  from  A  to  B  ;  B  to  C,  etc., 
is  such  as  to  facilitate  cleaning,  number  of  spaces  A.  B,  C.  etc..  depends 
on  circumstances.  If  for  use  in  squad  rooms,  two  or  three  spaces  will 
suffice,  and  the  rack  should  be  neatly  constructed.  For  outdoor  or  range 
use  the  number  of  spaces  A.  B.  etc.,  would  be  greater,  and  the  rack  may 
be  made  of  rough  material.  This  sketch  is  designed  to  illustrate  the  mode 
of  construction,  hence  may  be  modified. 

A  rack  built  for  use  on  both  sides  is  preferable  to  the  one 
*"-«»ti>ated  here. 


RECORD    OF  FIRING    FOR   YEAR     191  / 

TT._'  .,_              .    .. 

ARMY    MARKSMANS 

SHARPSHOOTERS 

EXPERT   R\FLEMANS 

{COURSE. 

\ 

X 

COURSE 

1 

\ 

TEST 

\ 

\ 

2OOYDS  SLOW 

800  YDS  SLOW 

2OO  MOVING 

300    "       - 

lOOOYDS     « 

3OO  MOVING 

500      "         " 

5OO  YDS  RAPID 

4OO  BOBBING 

5OO  BOBBING 

600    ••      « 

TOTAL 

5OO  FALLING 

200  YDS  RAPID 

TOTAL  MK5  COURSE 

60O_ 

300    «       " 

AGGREGATE 

TOTAL    HITS 

1st  SKIRMISH 

DATE- 

DATE 

2nd  SKIRITSH 

NECESSARY  FORQufluncmicm 
MARKSMMM                         3OO 

H/WSMAN 

SHARPSHOOTEf 

EXPERT 

^2' 

*  |3 

r5 

TIOMAL 

TOTAL 

SHARPSHOOTERS       9O 

RLSO  ftGCREGATE  OF       -415 

DATE 

EXPERT    25    HITS 

PAY 

FILL  THIS  OUT  WHEN   YOUR  QUALIFICATION   IS  ANNOUNCED  IN  ORDERS 
QUALIFIED    AS  19)         5.O.   NO  HDQRS   U.S.M.C.  191 

RECORD    OF  FIRING    FOR  YEAR     191.  ..-.-...I 

TT._  ...^ 

ARMY  ttARKSMftNS 

SHARPSHOOTERS 

EXPERT   R\FLEMAHS 

COURSE 

§ 

X 

COURSE 

\, 

\ 

TEST 

\ 

\ 

2OOVDS  SLOW 

800  YDS  SLOW 

2OO  MOVING 

300   "      * 

IOOOYDS     « 

3OO  MOVING 

500    *      •• 

v 

500  YDS  RAPID 

4OO  BOBBING 

BOO  BOBBING 

600    ••      » 

TOTAL 

5OO  FALLING 

200  YDS  RAPID 

TOTRLMK5  COURSE 

60O_ 

300    «       " 

AGGREGATE 

TOTAL    HITS 

1st  SKIRMISH 

DATE 

DATE 

ZodSKtRM4$H 

NECfeSSARY  FORQUAURCftllOtl 

HARnsrmn                  3OO 

n/wsnAN          ^2' 
SHARPSHOOTER  |  3* 
EXPERT              *5 
PER  MOMTH  APOITIOMAL 

PAY 

TOTAL 

SHARPSHOOTERS          9O 
RLSO  AGGREGATE  OF       A  \  5 

DRTE. 

EXPERT    25    HITS 

FILL  THIS  OUT  WHEN  YOUR  Q.UAL1FICP 
QUALIFIED    «S                                    J9I        SO. 

TION  IS  AMNOUNCED  IN  ORDERS 
NO  HDQRS  U.S.M-C.  191 

RECORD  COMPETITIVE  FIRING  IN  MAVY  MRRKSMANS  COURSE. 

200  SLOW    RIFLE 
STANDING 

REMARKS 

3OOSLOW  R«FU^ 
SlTTlNG^KMEELlNG 

THERE  PRE  THREE  Kir*  OS  OF 
COMPETlTlOriS  FOR  VJHICH  PRIZE 
MOr«EY   15  AWARDED  ON  PAY 
ROLL  THEY  ARE 
INDIVIDUAL. 

POST 

INTE^RPOST 

500SLQW  RIFLE 

TOTAL  R\FLE. 

RIFLE.  MULTIPLIED 

6Y   THREE 

Z5YOS    PISTOL 

50    «  •   PISTOL 

IN  ALL  THESE  COM  PETITIONS  THE 
NAVY  riARKSMRNS  COURSE  '5F»ftE 

AGGREGATE 
RIFLE  fit  PISTOL 

TARGET    R   IS  USED  FOR  etVHR 
COURSE; 

T><E  MECESSflRY  AGGREGATES  PQl 
NAVT  QUALIRCATIONS  flRE*?  FOLLOW 

MARKSMAN        VfOQ*    80% 

1st     CLASS       357 
2nd.  CL*SS      a  06 
3rd.  CLASS       2«5,5* 
4th.cu^ss     2O4 

OORLIFICPTTION 

rFTFll 

ill  C   tu    >    h   *"  tf 

>  *  1  3  £  H  I 

u*  eft    ?  JE  (T  ^  fi 

PRCZE. 

DBTE. 

TARGETS  USED  IN  ARMY  HARKS  MANS  COURSE 
EVERY  MAN  SHOULD  KNOW  THE  NAME  AND  SIZE  OF  TARGETS 


TflRGET    A 

USED  FOR  SLOW  FIRE 
flT  SHORT  RANGES 
2OO  STANDING 


TARGET        B 

USED  FOR  SLOW  FIRE 
AT  MID  RANGES  (50O  &  60^ 
POSITION      PRONE 


TARGET      D 

USED  FOR  RAPID  FIRE 
200  a  300  ALSO  FOR 
SKIRMISH 


NOTICE  THAT  ALL  TARGETS  flR£  SIX  FEET  HIGH 

NOTICE  THAT  THE   RINGS  ARE   9  INCHES   APART  THI$  IS  NOT  EXACT 

BUT    IT    |S    EASY  TO    REMEMBER 

IN     RAPID    FIRE    ALL  HITS    ON  TARGET    COUNT 

IN    SKIRMISH    ONLY     P4VES    ANO    FOURS    COUNT 

FOR    NAVY    MORKSMANS     COURSE    TARGET    f*    IS   USED    FOR  All 

FIRING      BOTH     PISTOL     RND     RIFLE. 

10 


TARGET:    USED  IN  SHARPSHOOTERS   COURSE 

FOR   SLOW    FIRE    AT    LONG    RANGE  BOO  QL  IOOO  - 
.TARGET     C. 

TARGET    D  IS  USED 

FOR     RAPID    FIRE 
PRONE   *T  50OTARDS 
SHARPSHOOTERS  COURSE 

TIME  LIMIT  FOR  EA.CM 
STRING  OF  5  SHOTS 
NOTICE   THE  9  INCH  SPACES  ABOVE  3O  SECONDS 


TARGET'        USED      trs     COLLECTIVE       FIRE 
EACH        SQUAD      HRS       f\     TRRGET 
CONSISTING  OF  3?  C  "TARGETS   ARRANGED  THUS 


o 


THE    BULLS    EYES     OF  THE    OUTSIDE  TARGETS 
SHOULD   BE   COVERED    W|Th   TARGET 


11 


TARGETS    USED   IN  ExPERT    R\FLEttANS   TEST 

TARGETS    ARE  ALL  COVERED   WITH    KHRKl    COLORED   PAPER 


FIGURE    E 


600^05   THE  TARGET  IS  STATIONfeRT  .  IT  STAY  S  UP 
UNTIL  TEN  SHOTS  SLOW  FIRE  HAVE  BEEN  F»RED-ITCAN  BE 
OPERATED  FROM  BEHIND  TW6  REGULAR  BUTTS  AMD  On  THE.. 

REGULRR  TARGET  CARRIERS-  OR  rr  MAX  BE  HELD  UPON  A  STAFF 

50Q&40Q  SOBBING  TARGETS  H  FIGURE  E~5  TARGETS 
BE  RUN  UP  flND  DOWN  ON  P 


flRE  USED.  THEY 

REGULAR  TORGET  CARRIER  ORON  A  SIR  FF.  EACH  TPRCET 
5T«YS  UP  5  SECONDS,  flMD  THERE  IS  AN  INTERVAL  OP 
5  SECONDS  BETWEEN  THE  DISAPPEARANCE  OF  THE 
AMD  THE  APPEARANCE  OF  THE  N<CXT  Tfl^CET 


2QQ  AHD  300  YDS    MOVING  TARGET    M  FIGURE  E  IS  FIXED  ON  A 
CAR  WHICH    MOVES  ON  A  TRACK  50  YARDS  LONG  THE  TARGET 
MOVES     THE    5O   YARDS     »N    3O    SECONDS  * 

500  YDS    FALLING  TARGET  G  FIGURE  F CONSISTS 
OF  5  TARGETS— ALL  TARGETS  AffE  UP  AND  REMAIN 
UP  UNTI  L  HIT.  THEY  ARE  SUPPOSED  TO  FALL  WHEN 
HIT  BUT  SELDOM  PO  SO.  THEY  CAN  BE  RUN  UP 
ABOVE  THE  BUTTS  O«  CARRIER  O^  A  STAFF.  ANP 
WHEN  HIT  POLLED   OY  MARKEF 

*The   moving   target   may   be  carried   on    a   staff   by    a   man   \valkinu-   behiiul    tin- 
butts. 

12 


EXPERT      RIFLE     MANS     TEST 
PEEPSIGHT       M/W       BE       USED       AT      6OO       YARDS 
F\~f    flLL    OTHER     RANGES    THE    BOTTLE   SIGHT   MUST    BE    USED 
AT    TOO   flNO  3OO  THE   WIND    GAUGE  MUST    BE.  SET    flT   ZERO 

POSITION  ffr  zoo  YDS  is  KNEELINQ  AT  FILL  OTHER  RANGES  PRONE 

600  YDS     10  SHOTS      AT  FIGURE    E  STATIONERY         SLOW    F»RE 
500       u  5  flT   BOBBING  TARGETS.  TARGETS    SHOULD 

NOT  RPPERR  IN  REGULAR  SEQUENCE 
400     "       5      «         AT  6OBBING  TARGETS 
300    '«      10      »          2  STT?INGS  OF  5  SHOTS  EflCH.  TARGET 

MOVES  50  YDS  IN  30  SEC. FOR  EACH  STRING 

200     ••      10     •'          SAME  AS  3OO 

500  tO       "  2  STRINGS  OF  5  SHOTS  EACH  AT  GROUPS 

OF  5  FALLING  TARGETS  GTIME  LIMIT  FOR 
eflCH  STRING  3O  SEG. TAKEN  flT  FIRING  LIME 

TOTAL      50  SHOTS 

75   HITS    ARE    NECESSARY   TO    QUALIFY    AS    EXPERT 


OCLOCK  OP  HITS  , 

IMAGINE  A  CLOCK  FACE  ON  THE  TBftGET 
HITS  ARE  THEM  SPOKEN  Or  ACCORDING  TO  THE 

OCLOCK   OP   HITS 


THE 
HOW 
ARE 

THE  CIRCLES   REPRESENT  THE  APPEARANCE  Of  SPOTTERS  ($} 


WHEN  THE  SHOT  HOLE  TOUCHES  A  LINE  THE  HIGHEST 
VALUE  IS  GIVEN  • 


IN  MARKING  A   VVHITE   DISK  INDICATES  A   5 

R    RED        DISK  INDICATES  A  A 
A    BLACK  CROSS  ON  WHITE  DISK  A  3 
6   BLACK  DISK  \NQICflTESA  2 
14 


FOLOWING  EXPLAINS 
HITS  ON  THE  TARGET 
U5UAUY  OESIGNPTTED 
t5  A  4  RT  v3  OCLQCH 
HALF  WAV  OUT 

5k.i5fl  5  PT  5  O'CLOCK 

^         WELL  OUT 

V5  0  A  RT  6   OCLOCK 
/IS  HHNGINQ  OhTHE  BOLL 

N1S  A  A  AT  \2  OCLOCK 
^IS  SITTING  ON  THE  BULL 

yiS  fl  5—  PIN   WHEEL 

[NIS  A  A    RT  10  OCLOCK 
\}          CLOSE    IN 

\IS  A  A  AT  9  OCLOCK 
V         WELL  OUT 

\IS    fl  A  AT  8  OCLOCK 

/>T  IS  f\  WART  ©AND^ 

ARE   ALSC  WARTS 


fl  3  /rr  I 

A   Z    AT    I  OCLOCK 

R  5  AT  Z  O'CLOCK 

IS    R    NIPPER 

R  5  CLOSE  IN  AT 
7    OCLOCK 


OCLOCK    OF    WINDS 
THE  DIRECTION  OF  WIND  is  EXPRESSED  BY  USE  OF  THE  WORD  OCLOCK 

G<!SE  YOURSELF  OH  THE  FIRING   LINE   AND  IN  THE  CENTER  OF  R  6K5-CLOCK 
WTTH  THE  12  TOWARDS  THE  TRRGETS.THE  DIGRAM  SHOWS  THE  OCLOCK  Of  VARIOUS 


FORCE  OF  WIND  IS  EXPRESSED 
IN      MILES      PER      HOUR 
FOR  INSTANCE  A  5  MILE  WIND 
MEANS  R  WND  BLOWING    5 
MILES     PER    HOUR 


THE     RBI  LIT  Y    TO    ESTIMATE 

FORCE  OF  WIND  is  E.RSILY 

ACQUIRED     BY    PRACTICE 
IT  IS  USUALLY  ESTIMRTED  Bf  THE 
FEEL  OF  THE  WIND  IN  THE  FACE 
AMD  BY  THE  RPPEARfmCE  OF  THE 
FLRGS.    PRRCT1CE  IT  WITH  THE 
ASSISTANCE  OF  RN  EXPERIENCED 
MRN    DIRECTION  IS  JUDGED  BY 
FACING  TOWARDS  THE  WIND  OR 
BY  THROWING  UP  CRASS  ETC. 
THE  RULE  FOR  R  BEGINNER  IS  TO 
A5K  AN   EXPERIENCED  MAW 


ii 


MARKING   AND    SCORING. 

Efficient  marking  and  scoring  are  necessary  for  good  results 
on  a  range.  Without  such  efficient  work  shooting  is  tedious  and 
uninteresting.  Now-a-days  riflemen  demand  honest  work,  and  any 
other  kind  immediately  kills  all  interest.  False  marking  or  scoring 
is  very  rare  on  well  conducted  ranges  and  is  easily  detected.  Rifle- 
men complain  immediately  if  their  shots  are  incorrectly  spotted 
and  disked  and  coaches  requiring  men  to  call  the  shot  detect  any 
fraud  in  the  pits  at  once. 

Marking.  The  spotter  should  always  be  used  in  all  fire  where 
only  one  shot  is  fired  at  a  target  before  it  is  marked.  In  addition 
to  informing  the  rifleman  where  his  shot  has  struck,  the  value  of 
the  shot  as  disked  must  agree  with  the  spotter.  The  shot  hole 
containing  the  spotter  is  not  pasted  until  the  spotter  is  removed 
after  the  next  shot  and  an  opportunity  is  thus  given  supervisors  in 
the  butts  to  examine  the  shot  hole  at  any  time  before  the  next  shot 
is  fired. 

With  a  telescope,  those  on  duty  on  the  firing  line  can  actually 
see  the  bullets  strike  the  target,  and  the  telescope  should  be  used 
on  each  target  during  a  period  of  firing. 

Another  good  plan  is  to  have  a  good  shot  fire  several  shots 
on  each  target  to  check  up  the  marking.  Those  in  the  butts  can 
not  tell  who  is  firing  and  it  is  exceedingly  unsafe  for  them  to  do 
improper  marking. 

16 


For  short  and  mid-range  targets  one  man  is  sufficient  to  handle 
a  target.  The  work  will  keep  him  busy  but  if  he  has  a  helper 
an  argument  will  arise  as  to  %who  is  to  do  the  work  and  it  will  be 
poorly  done.  Two  men  are  required  on  long  range  targets  because 
they  require  more  work  to  operate  them  and  are  too  large  for 
one  man  to  watch,  and  two  men  give  quicker  service. 

For  skirmish  runs  each  marker  should  have  a  pencil  and  should 
mark  a  6  over  hits  made  at  600  yards;  a  5  over  hits  at  500  yards, 
4  at  400  yards,  an  x  at  350  yards,  &c. 

The  commands  are  given  thus:  "Stand  by;  up.  Stand  by; 
down.  Mark  a  6,  two  shots."  The  shot  holes  in  skirmish  should 
not  be  pasted  until  the  scores  are  taken,  and  (except  in 
matches),  until  the  skirmishers  have  entered  the  butts  and 
recorded  the  location  of  their  hits. 

In  rapid  fire  a  supervisor  should  visit  each  target  successively 
and  have  the  values  disked  in  his  presence.  Disk  the  fives,  then 
the  fours,  threes,  twos  and  misses  in  that  order. 

When  the  butts  wish  firing  to  cease,  all  targets  should  be 
withdrawn,  (half  masted),  the  red  flag  put  up  and  a  message  re- 
ceived from  the  firing  line  that  firing  has  ceased  before  it  is  safe 
for  any  man  to  expose  himself. 

Scoring.  All  scoring  should  be  done  on  a  blackboard  in  plain 
view  of  all  bystanders.  Fraud  without  immediate  detection  is  then 
impossible.  Supervisors  do  not  have  to  be  immediately  near  the 
firing  point  to  check  the  scoring  at  that  point.  They  can 
observe  the  target  from  any  point  and  then  visit  the  score  board 
and  see  if  the  scores  are  recorded  properly. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  haye  a  non-commissioned  officer  or  even 

17 


a  select  man  for  scoring.  The  open  board  insures  properly  kept 
scores.  The  score  card,  or  any  method  of  keeping  them  in  a  book 
not  held  up  to  public  gaze  invites  fraud. 

When  a  shot  is  disked  the  scorer^  should  announce  loud  enough 

to  be  heard  by  the  firer  and  the  bystanders,  "Private . 

First  sighting  shot  a  five,"  or  "Corporal  -  — .  Tenth  shot 

for  record  a  miss." 

Buzzers  are  not  necessary  on  ranges;  frequently  they  are 
misused  by  being  pressed  before  the  bullet  reaches  the  target, 
and  they  make  the  markers  inattentive.  It  is  better  to  let  the 
markers  watch  and  keep  on  the  alert.  One  telephone  to  a  group 
of  from  ten  to  fifteen  targets  is  sufficient. 

Irritating  messages  to  the  butts  only  result  in  poorer  work. 


18 


SIGHT  SETTING. 

Learn  how  to  set  the  sights  on  your  rifle.  The  numbers  on 
the  sight  leaf  refer  to  the  lines  below  the  numbers;  for  instance, 
the  figure  6  is  above  the  600  yard  mark.  Practice  setting  your 
sight,  especially  the  peep  sight  until  you  understand  it  thoroughly. 
Get  an  experienced  man  to  show  you.  Set  your  sights  for  every 
twenty-five  yards,  and  be  careful  to  estimate  the  distance  between 
the  lines  accurately  for  where  there  are  no  25  yard  lines  you  have 
to  estimate  where  to  set  the  sight  and  the  least  error  will  make 
a  big  difference  in  the  shot.  Then  learn  to  set  your  windgauge; 
the  marks  on  the  windgauge  are  points  and  you  will  have  to  use 
quarter  points  in  shooting.  You  must  estimate  it  accurately. 

Remember  that  the  bullet  is  carried  in  the  same  direction 
that  you  move  your  windgauge.  Winds  carry  the  bullet  with  the 
wind,  therefore,  when  you  set  your  windgauge  move  it  to  the 
windward. 

Suppose  you  hit  the  target  to  the  right  of  the  bull's-eye,  you 
would  then  move  your  windgauge  to  the  left  so  that  the  next  shot 
would  be  to  the  left  of  the  first  one.  This  is  easy  to  remember, 
and  is  very  important.  The  bullet  moves  up  or  down  with  the 
elevation  slide  and  to  the  right  or  left  with  the  windgauge, 


19 


THE  PEEP  SIGHT. 

When  the  battle  sight  is  not  required  always  use  the  peep 
sight.  The  peep  sight  is  much  more  accurate  and  easier  to  use. 
You  can  never  do  very  accurate  shooting  with  the  open  sight,  and 
its  use  among  skillful  riflemen,  except  at  rapid  fire,  and  skirmish, 
and  other  firing  where  the  firing  regulations  require  the  battle 
sight  to  be  used,  has  been  entirely  abandoned. 

There  are  three  sizes  of  peeps,  Nos.  4,  5  and  6.  For  the 
average  man  a  number  6  which  is  the  largest  one  is  the  best.  It 
is  just  as  easy  to  centre  the  tip  of  the  front  sight  in  a  large  peep 
as  a  small  one,  and  a  large  peep  is  easier  to  see  through. 


SIGHTING  OR  AIMING. 

Learn  to  sight  your  rifle;  that  is  how  the  sights  and  targets 
should  appear  when  you  aim.  The  illustrations  on  page  21  show 
you  how  to  place  the  sights  on  the  bull's-eye  when  using  the  peep 
sight;  how  to  place  your  sights  on  the  figure  when  using  the  open 
sight,  but  there  are  very  few  rifles  which  will  permit  you  to  aim 
directly  at  the  figure  with  the  battle  sight,  because  you  would  shoot 
over  the  target,  and  in  order  to  make  a  good  hit  you  usually  have 
to  aim  at  the  bottom  of  the  entire  target  as  shown  in  the  third 
illustration,  and  with  some  rifles  you  may  have  to  aim  still  lower. 

20 


PEEP     SIGHT 


SHOWING  THE  A(M    WITH 
BATTUE    SIGHT   TAKEN  AT  THE 
OF  ENTIRE    TARGET 


BULLS   EYE 
FRONT    SIGHT 


OPEN   SIGHT 

FIC  u  RE  *-^M^  FROtyv  SIGHT 


SHOWING      AIM 
TAKEN    AT  FIGURE 


NOTE    IN  ORDER  TO  HIT  FIGURE  THE  AlM-  USURLLY 
TAKEN    AT  \3OTTOM  OF  TRRGET   85  TH^ 
BATTLE   SIGHT    SHOOTS   HIGH 


21 


HRS  TO   BE 
\  T  H    Tup. 


With  the  peep  sight  always  hold  the  tip  of  the  front  sight  in 
the  center  of  the  circle  of  the  peep  and  let  the  bull's-eye  sit  upon 
it.  It  is  not  a  good  plan  to  leave  a  line  of  white  between  the 
bull's-eye  and  the  top  of  the  front  sight.  It  is  not  correct  to  cen- 
ter the  bull's-eye  in  the  peep  and  then  hold  the  front  sight  under 
it;  the  tip  of  the  front  sight  should  always  be  in  the  center  of  the 
peep.  In  using  the  battle  sight  or  any  other  open  sight  always  have 
the  top  of  the  front  sight  in  the  middle  of  the  notch  in  the  rear 
sight,  and  flush  or  even  with  the  top  edge  of  the  rear  sight.  There 
should  be  no  such  thing  as  fine  sight  or  full  sight. 

When  using  any  open  sight  always  use  the  one  described 
above  (the  one  called  "half  sight"  in  the  firing  regulations.)  The 
battle  sight  is  supposed  to  be  so  that  you  could  aim  directly  at 
the  figure  at  530  yards,  but  in  practice  you  will  find  that  even  at 
500  yards  you  will  have  to  aim  below  the  figure,  and  still  lower  at 
the  shorter  distances.  The  sights  are  blackened  bv  smoking  them. 
A  candle  is  the  best  thins:,  a  match  will  do.  Blacken  both  the 
front  sight  and  the  rear  sight.  The  black  will  not  take  on  metal 
if  the  metal  is  greasy.  Rub  off  the  oil;  a  rag  dampened  with 
gasoline  quickly  removes  it.  Candles  or  wax  tapers  are  usually 
provided  at  cleaning  racks  or  ranges.  The  oiled  rags  which  have 
been  used  to  clean  rifles  make  an  excellent  smoke  for  blackening 
the  sights. 


HOLDING  THE  RIFLE. 

Padding.  The  elbows  of  both  arms  and  the  right  shoulder 
of  the  shooting  coat  or  blouse  should  be  padded. 

A  coat  is  better  than  a  woolen  shirt  for  shooting.  Padding 
will  not  injure  a  coat.  The  padding  can  be  basted  on  and  can  be 
removed  when  the  course  is  finished.  Then  you  will  not  soil 
or  wear  holes  in  the  elbows  of  the  sleeves  and  your  own  elbows 
and  shoulders  will  not  become  sore  and  cause  you  to  flinch  when 
you  shoot;  old  bandoleers  furnish  a  suitable  material  for  padding. 

The  Sling.  The  sling  is  used  in  all  your  firing.  You  cannot 
do  good  work  without  it,  and  you  should  never  fire  a  shot  without 
the  assistance  of  the  support  of  the  sling.  In  all  positic"""  .xcept 
standing  the  length  of  the  sling  should  be  such  that  the  loop  of 
bight  comes  even  with  the  comb  of  the  stock.  Beginners  will 
complain  that  this  is  too  short,  but  it  becomes  easy  after  practice. 
If  the  sling  is  too  long  your  position  will  not  be  steady  and  un- 
less it  is  tight  the  rifle  will  kick. 

In  all  positions  when  aiming,  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand 
should  be  along  the  small  of  the  stock,  and  not  across  it.  If  it 
is  across  the  stock  the  recoil  brings  the  thumb  against  the  face 
or  nose. 

^  It  is  difficult  to  describe  the  various  positions  so  that  a  man 
can  take  them  without  being  shown.  Get  an  experienced  man  to 
show  you. 

23 


GUNNERY  SERGEANT  HENRY  BAPTIST  illustrating-  the  proper  adjust- 
ment and  length  of  the  loop  of  the  sling1.  Notice  the  padding  on 
the  shoulder  and  elbow. 

24 


GUNNERY     SERGEANT     BAPTIST 
slipping  his  hand  into  the  loop. 


The  loop  well  in  the  arm  pit, 
and   the   left   hand   well   up  to 
the  lower  swivel. 


The  Prone  Position.  The  main  secret  of  shooting  prone  is 
to  get  a  good  solid,  hard  hold.  Then  you  cannot  fail  to  make  a 
good  score.  Nearly  every  man  who  is  being  taught  to  hold  hard 
thinks  at  first  that  he  will  never  be  able  to  do  so,  but  it  is  sur- 
prising how  quickly  it  is  learned.  A  few  minutes  persistent  work 
on  a  man  will  teach  him  how  to  hold  good  enough  to  become  a 
good  prone  shot.  Prone  is  the  very  steadiest  position  and  for 
that  reason  it  is  first  taught  a  man,  and  it  is  a  good  idea  to  let 
liim  do  his  first  firing  at  500  prone,  because  there  he  will  make 
a  good  score,  will  find  that  the  rifle  does  not  kick  and  will  not 
hurt  him,  and  he  will  get  confidence  in  himself  and  his  rifle. 

The  main  points  are:  Slip  the  left  hand  well  under  the  rifle 
and  all  the  way  up  to  the  lower  swivel.  That  part  of  the  sling 
which  bears  against  the  hand  should  be  clear  of  the  metal  nibs 
and  of  the  keepers,  because  they  will  cut  into  the  hand  and  cause 
pain.  The  pressure  of  the  hand  against  the  swivel  causes  a  little 
pain  at  first,  but  it  soon  disappears,  and  a  man  should  not  resist 
it  or  try  to  pull  his  left  hand  away  from  it.  The  piece  rests  hard 
in  the  flat  of  the  hand  and  not  on  the  fingers.  The  left  hand  and 
the  fingers  of  left  hand  do  no  work  at  all.  The  fingers  should 
rest  loosely.  If  they  arc  rigid  the  tremor  will  be  communicated 
to  the  muscles  of  the  left  arm  and  to  the  rifle.  Lie  flat  down  at 
an  angle  of  about  45  degrees  to  the  firing  line,  spread  the  legs 
wide  apart  and  turn  the  heels  inboard.  Flatten  the  middle  parts 
close  to  the  ground.  Place  the  point  of  the  left  elbow  to  the  front, 
and  well  to  the  right,  otherwise  you  will  have  trouble  in  getting 
the  rifle  to  the  shoulder,  then  raise  the  right  shoulder  and  placing 

26 


the  right  hand  on  the  butt  plate,  put  the  butt  of  the  rifle  in  the 
shoulder,  and  flatten  out  again.  Put  your  cheek  or  jaw  hard 
against  the  small  of  the  stock,  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  along 
and  not  across  the  stock  and  the  right  eye  right  up  to  the  firing  pin, 
as  close  to  the  peep  sight  as  possible.  Let  the  right  elbow  spread 
out  as  far  as  it  will  go  and  drawing  the  body  back  get  your  chest 
and  whole  body  as  flat  on  the  ground  as  possible.  The  left  elbow 
must  be  directly  under  the  rifle.  The  right  elbow  is  moved  out 
or  in  to  raise  or  lower  the  muzzle.  Now  the  rifle  cannot  kick  you. 
The  only  recoil  will  be  that  of  your  whole  body,  which  you  will 
not  feel.  To  do  rapid  fire  prone  or  in  skirmish  keep  the  piece 
in  the  shoulder.  To  load,  lower  the  muzzle  to  the  right,  and 
work  the  bolt,  being  careful  to  draw  it  fully  back,  so  it  will  eject 
the  empty  shell,  and  not  cause  a  jam.  You  will  be  surprised 
Irnv  eas3r  it  becomes  after  practice. 


GUNNERY  SERGEANT  BAPTIST  placing  the  butt  in  the 


Operating  the  bolt;  piece  remaining  In  shoulder. 
28 


Sitting.     This  is  a  very  comfortable  and  steady  position. 

There  are  more  varieties  in  this  position  than  in  any  other. 
Every  man  must  find  the  position  which  fits  him  the  best.  The 
main  points  are  to  keep  adjusting  yourself  until  you  find  a  position 
which  fits  you  exactly,  so  that  the  legs  are  at  rest  and  the  leg 
muscles  not  strained  in  order  to  get  the  rifle  up  to  the  right  place. 
Lean  the  body  well  forward  in  all  the  positions.  Except  in  the  one 
with  the  legs  crossed,  the  point  of  the  left  elbow  should  be  over 
the  left  knee  and  the  right  elbow  in  a  snug  place  inside  the  right 
knee.  Study  the  positions  illustrated  and  especially  the  positions 
of  the  feet  and  elbows. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANT  W.  D.  SMITH.  The  point  of  his  left  elbow  does 
not  rest  on  his  knee,  the  side  of  his  elbow  rests  against  the  side 
of  his  knee. 

29 


GUNNERY  SERGEANT  PETER  LUND.     The  body  leans  well  forward. 


GUNNERY  SERGEANT  FREDERICK  V.  WAHLSTROM.  The  left  heel  is  braced 
in  the  right  instep,  both  knees  drop  naturally,  body  well  forward. 
This  is  an  excellent  position, 

80 


FIRST  SERGEANT  THOMAS  F»  JOYCE.     An  easy  and  steady  position. 


CORPORAL  TOM  WORSHAM.     The  soles  of  his  shoes  brace  against  each 

other.     Notice  how  well  the  rifle  is  held. 

31 


Kneeling.  This  position  is  uncomfortable  until  practiced;  it 
quickly  ceases  to  be  uncomfortable. 

Main  points.  The  right  knee  should  point  directly  to  the 
right,  that  is  along  the  firing  line.  The  point  of  the  left  elbow 
should  rest  over  the  knee.  There  is  a  flat  place  under  the  elbow 
which  fits  a  flat  place  on  the  knee,  and  makes  a  solid  rest.  Lear 
the  body  well  forward. 


SERGEANT  WILLIAM  A.  FRAGNER.     (Winner  of  President's  Match,  1910.) 

32 


GUNNERY  SERGEANT  WAHLSTROM 


CORPORAL  WATT  G.  HTGGTNBOTHAM.   slimvinpr  rapid  fire  kneeling.    The 
piece  remains  in.  the  shoulder. 


Standing  Position.  Main  points; 
right  foot  to  rear  and  to  the  right, 
right  knee  bent,  left  knee  straight,  left 
elbow  resting  in  belt,  left  arm  against 
the  body,  using  the  body  and  belt  for 
a  rest.  This  position  feels  awkward  at 
first  but  the  best  riflemen  use  it,  and 
it  ceases  to  be  awkward  after  a  little 
practice.  The  rifle  is  held  up  on  the 
fingers  of  the  left  hand  in  this  posi- 
tion, very  few  men  being  able  to  hold 
it  in  the  palm  of  the  hand.  Constant 
practice  in  snapping  is  more  essential 
in  this  position  than  any  other.  It  is 
the  most  difficult  position  for  steady 
holding. 

The  sling  may  be  longer  in  this  po- 
sition than  in  any  other,  and  each  man 
can  find  for  himself  what  length  suits 
him  the  best. 
CORPORAL   GEORGE  W. 
FARNUM.      (Winner 
United   States  Mili- 
tary Championship, 
Camp    Perry.    Ohio, 
1910.)     Notice    how. 
the     piece     is     sup- 
ported   by    the    fin- 
gers    of     the     left 
hand. 


34 


CORPORAL  PARNHAM.    Another  way 
of  supporting  rifle  on  left  hand. 


SERQBANT    FRAGNER.      Notice 
hip,  body  and  belt  rest. 


the 


35 


GENERAL  REMARKS  ON  ALL  POSITIONS. 

Before  you  go  to  the  firing  line  you  should  remove  the  oil  from 
the  bore,  by  passing  a  rag  through  it.  Dampen  the  rag  with  gaso- 
line if  gasoline  is  provided;  clean  and  freshly  oil  your  bolt  so  that 
it  will  work  smoothly  for  rapid  fire.  Be  careful  to  remove  all  oil 
from  bolt  handle  so  that  you  can  grip  it  firmly. 

Don't  dig  holes  on  any  firing  line.  Other  people  have  to  shoot 
on  the  same  firing  line,  and  if  holes  are  dug  on  it  the  firing  line  will 
soon  become  a  mass  of  holes  to  the  discomfort  and  annoyance 
of  everybody. 

Look  at  the  bullets  each  time  you  load  and  be  sure  that  there 
is  no  grit  or  dust  on  them.  Grit  or  dust  will  scratch  and  ruin  a 
bore. 

Never  cant  the  rifle.  Keep  it  plumb.  If  you  cant  it  the 
least  bit  the  bullet  will  strike  in  the  direction  of  the  cant. 

Hold  the  breath  while  aiming.  Take  about  half  a  breath.  If 
you  aim  too  long  you  will  become  unsteady  and  your  eyesight 
will  get  worse.  Take  the  piece  from  the  shoulder,  rest  and  aim 
again.  Don't  look  at  the  targets  any  more  than  is  necessary.  Rest 
the  eyes  by  looking  down  on  the  ground. 

Focus  your  eyesight  on  the  targets,  and  not  upon  the  sights. 
Look  through  the  peep,  not  at  it.  You  can  center  the  top  of  the 
front  sight  in  the  peep  instinctively;  that  is  without  any  effort  or 
thought,  that  is  the  natural  way  to  hold  it.  The  little  scratched 
line  on  both  sides  of  the  peep  is  for  use  in  setting  the  elevation, 
and  you  should  pay  no  attention  to  it  in  aiming. 

Hold  directly  under  and  on  the  bull's-eye,  that  is  let  the  bull's- 

36 


eye  sit  on  top  of  the  front  sight.  It  is.  a  mistake  to  try  to  have  a 
line  of  white  between  the  bull's-eye  and  the  top  of  the  front  sight. 

Squeezing  the  trigger.  There  is  a  little  slack  in  the  trigger. 
When  aiming  take  this  up  with  the  finger  so  that  when  you  wish 
to  fire  you  have  only  to  increase  the  pressure  of  the  finger. 

Always  snap  in  once  or  twice.  Before  firing  cock  the  piece, 
and  with  the  piece  unloaded  squeeze  the  trigger.  This  will  steady 
you  down  and  get  you  better  acquainted  with  your  trigger  pull. 

Do  not  yank  or  pull  the  trigger,  squeeze  it  easily  by  squeezing 
gently  the  whole  small  of  the  stock  with  your  right  hand.  Let 
the  trigger  off  as  easy  as  you  can,  and  keep  up  the  aiming  while 
the  gun  is  being  discharged,  then  you  can  tell  where  you  were 
aiming  when  the  bullet  left  the  rifle. 

Call  the  shot.  As  soon  as  you  have  squeezed  the  trigger,  and 
before  the  target  is  marked,  "call  the  shot,"  that  is  call  out  loud 
where  you  were  aiming  when  the  trigger  was  squeezed,  and  when 
the  bullet  left  the  rifle.  Say  something  like  this,  "good  pull,"  "bad 
pull,"  "right,"  "high,"  "left  and  low,"  or  call  the  o'clock  of  the 
target  where  you  expect  the  hit  to  be  as  "5  o'clock"  for  a  low  and 
right  hit.  Be  sure  to  say  something  at  once,  and  if  you  have  no 
coach  or  shooting  partner  say  it  aloud  to  yourself.  A  man  who 
intends  to  call  the  shot  will  not  shut  his  eyes  when  he  squeezes 
the  trigger.  He  will  not  quit  aiming  while  he  is  squeezing  the 
trigger.  He  will  not  flinch;  calling  the  shot  is  the  best  cure  for 
flinching.  Make  up  your  mind  to  continue  aiming  while  the  piece 
is  being  fired.  Calling  the  shot  will  help  you  do  all  these  things. 
It  is  very  important  and  the  habit  should  never  be  neglected,  not 
even  in  raoid  iire> 

o  7 


ZERO    OF    RIFLE. 

When  there  is  no  wind  some  rifles  require  that  the  wind  gauge 
be  set  to  the  right  or  to  the  left  in  order  to  hit  the  object  aimed 
at.  For  instance,  when  there  is  no  wind,  and  in  order  to  hit  the 
point  aimed  at,  the  wind  gauge  of  the  rifle  is  set  at  l/2  point  right, 
it  is  said  to  have  a  zero  of  l/2  point  right,  and  in  setting  the  sight 
for  windage  this  has  to  be  taken  into  consideration.  Suppose  the 
zero  of  the  rifle  is  l/2  right  and  you  are  shooting  in  a  wind  that 
requires  1  point  right  windage,  you  would  then  set  your  wind 
gauge  at  \y2  right,  and  if  you  are  shooting  in  a  wind  requiring 
1  point  left  windage,  you  would  set  your  wind  gauge  at  l/2  point 
left.  You  can  learn  the  zero  of  your  rifle  by  asking  an  experi- 
enced man  what  windage  the  wind  requires  and  then  find  by  firing 
the  rifle  where  your  wind  gauge  must  be  set.  The  difference  will 
be  the  zero  of  your  rifle;  you  can  check  it  up  by  comparing  it 
with  the  windage  used  by  other  men  shooting  at  the  same  time. 

Beginners  need  not  worry  about  the  zero  of  the  rifle,  because 
for  the  short  and  mid  range  work  of  the  marksman  course  they 
will  hit  the  target  without  knowing  the  zero  and  they  can  correct 
for  windage  after  the  target  'is  hit.  On  skirmish  it  is  of  great 
importance  only  at  500  and  600  yards,  where  only  four  of  the 
twenty  shots  in  the  skirmish  run  are  fired.  The  zero  of  most 
rifles  is  at  zero  and  it  is  seldom  over  *4  right  or  left  and  is  not 
enough  to  make  any  great  difference  at  short  range,  but  for  accu- 
rate skirmish  work,  where  it  is  important  to  get  hits  at  500  and 
600  yards,  the  zero  should  be  known. 

Usually  the  zero  at  600  yards  is  the  zero   at  all   ranges,  but 

38 


there  are  a  few  troublesome  rifles  which  have  different  zeros  at 
different  ranges.  The  rifle  used  by  Corporal  Farnham  in  winning 
the  U.  S.  Military  Championship  at  Camp  Perry,  Ohio,  in  1910, 
had  a  zero  of  ^  left  at  600  yards  and  1/4  left  at  500  yards,  but  such 
a  case  is  very  rare. 

Five  hundred  yards  is  the  best  range  to  determine^  the  zero 
of  the  rifle,  and  the  best  time  is  when  the  sun  is  not  shining. 

For  slow  fire  it  is  not  so  important  as  in  skirmish,  because 
after  once  you  hit  the  target  you  can  change  your  windage  so  as 
to  get  into  the  bullseye,  but  when  shooting  in  pairs  men  can  help 
each  other  better  in  difficult  winds  if  they  know  the  zero  of  their 
rifles. 

KEEPING  THE  SCORE  BOOK. 

Remember  that  the  elevation  marks  on  the  rear  sight  of  a 
rifle  are  not  where  the  sight  is  always  set  at  the  different  ranges. 
For  example:  When  shooting  at  600  yards  you  may  have  to  set 
the  sight  of  your  rifle  at  G50  or  550,  or  even  higher  or  lower.  In 
other  words,  you  must  learn  the  elevation  of  your  rifle  at  all 
ranges. 

You  should  carefully  record  the  elevation  used  in  the  column 
marked  "Elevation"  or  "Elev.,"  so  that  you  will  know  how  to  set  the 
sight  the  next  time  you  shoot  at  that  range.  Changes  in  weather 
conditions  may  require  slightly  different  elevations  at  different 
times  during  the  firing  of  your  score  and  on  different  days. 

A  record  of  elevations  in  your  score  book  will  be  valuable  to 
you  for  future  reference. 

39  * 


Study  the  specimen  score  sheets.  It  is  important  to  fill  out 
every  space  and  you  will  soon  be  able  to  find  the  zero  of  your  rifle 
after  shooting  a  little. 

Use  figures  for  dates,  thus:  September  12,  1910,  is  written 
9-12-10. 

The  kind  of  ammunition  is  recorded  thus:  F.  A.  1910,  which 
means  ammunition  manufactured  by  the  U.  S.  Government  at  the 
Frankford  Arsenal  in  1910. 

Mirage  is  recorded  as  heavy  (H),  medium  (M),  or  light  (L), 
and  where  none  is  visible  as  "O." 

Light  is  entered  as  bright  (B)  if  the  sun  is  shining;  dull  (D) 
if  cloudy. 

Dashes  ( — )  in  columns  marked  "Elev."  (elevation)  and  "W. 
G."  (wind  gauge)  indicate  no  change. 

Indicate  in  the  column  marked  "Pull"  by  a  dot  (.)  or  a  cross 
(X)  where  you  called  the  shot. 

Write  any  notes  you  wish  to  remember  over  the  face  of  the 
diagram  of  the  target.  The  figures  at  the  bottom  of  the  diagram 
of  the  target  show  how  many  points  of  windage  to  change  to  bring 
your  hits  to  the  center  of  the  bullseye;  the  figures  on  the  side  show 
how  many  yards  to  change  the  elevation.  Make  changes  cautiously; 
that  is,  a  little  less  change  than  is  shown  to  be  called  for,  and  unless 
you  are  quite  sure  of  your  pull  do  not  change  unless  two  shots  have 
gone  near  the  same  place  or  unless  your  shots  are  grouping  in  such 
a  way  as  to  make  a  change  advisable.  It  is  better  not  to  change 
for  one  shot  a  little  wild. 

40 


RIFLE 


NO 


Etev 


W.G, 


25 


600  YARDS 


50  A*« 

(,*#+< 

#T+~  *4*STsn**f 

»t  i .  j  j-  ^ 


^   o 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


Q 


WIND 


SCORE 


RIFLE   NO 

RMMUNITIpN 

WIND    _£_._6CLOCK 


POINTS  OF  WINDAGE  3OO  YARDS 


USE  BOYDNET  RT  2CX)  YDS  -  K N EEL.  RT  RPPEBRRNCp  OFTflRGET 
YOU  fiRE  flU-OV/ED  TO   VJ8C  WINDflGE  WITH    BflTTLE  SIGHT 
THE  PQIf/rOF8|M  INPICOTED  IS  CORRECT    FOR  ^VERRGE 

6Y  SIGHTING  in  PROT>*E  YOU  CRN  FIHD  WHERE  TO  RIH  TO 

HIT  «BOUT   VVHERE  THE.  FlGURt  A  IS   SHOWN 

3OO  YDS    WITHOUT   BflYONET-  POSI^lO^  SITTI  NG 

TRf  TV  GET  THE  ^IRST  SHOT  OFFCOOD^TflKE  TlMETOGET  OCXDO  POSITION* 

TIME  UMIT 


^ 


RIFLE 
AMMUNITION. 


ZERO.. 
DAT* 
.  .MILES  MIR&GE 


SKIRMISH 

TWOS  AND  THREES  DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SK\RMlSH 
AT  400  YARDS  LAY  A  CLIP  HANDY  FOR  RELOADING 
AFTER  FIRST  SHOT 
SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  6OO. 


USE  PEEPSIGHT  BT  GOO  VQS 
AND  USE  50 YDS  LOWER  Trtflrt 
SLOW  FIRE  ELEVATION. 
USE  BOTTLE  SIGHT  RT  «LL  OTHER 
SKIRMISH  RANGES -AIM  LOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 
IS  USUALLY  THECORRECT 

TO  CHECK  YOUR  Z€LRO    EXflPHNE.  TARGETS  SSS^SSL'S.'SSgS 

«ND   ESPECIALLY  THE,  HITS  *T  60Oa50O  YDS   OF  ^^^^^l6^^ 

GOOD  SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  WINDACE600&500XD  HOS    ^NDflCE   C«R DUALLY 
WERE .OTHER  TARGETS  FOR  >NmOflQt    W|11 

43 


^WOTS^V; 


50C 

50C 


35C 


50C 


20C 


20 


/\  Zf  3k>  scow 


-I 

OJ-r; 


IMPORTANT  RANGE   RULES. 

Here  is  a  copy  of  a  chart  used  at  Marine  Corps  Rifle  Range, 
Winthrop,  Maryland.  It  covers  those  things  which  have  to  be 
repeated  over  and  over  again  on  the  range.  It  is  well  to  read 
this  every  day  before  going  to  the  range: 

Blacken  your  sights. 

Have  your  rifle  clean  and  free  from  oil. 

Have  pencil  and  score  book. 

Study  the  diagram  target  before  shooting  at  each  range. 

Ask  an  experienced  shot  what  windage  to  start  with. 

Tell  scorer  your  name  and  initials  and  watch  him  write  it. 

Do  not  snap  behind  the  line.  If  you  wish  to  snap  at  target 
get  fully  abreast  of  the  firers. 

Keep  rifle  unloaded  when  not  on  firing  line. 

Keep  your  ammunition  clean  and  in  the  shade. 

Keep  muzzle  to  the  front  whether  loaded  or  not. 

Squeeze  the  trigger  and  get  each  shot  off  without  a  jerk. 

Try  to  maintain  aim  during  firing.     This  will  cure  flinching. 

Call  each  shot  aloud  at  once.  If  you  have  no  coach,  call  it 
aloud  to  yourself. 

Do  not  eject  the  empty  shell  or  reload  until  the  moment  for 
firing  the  next  shot. 

Pay  strict  attention  to  the  scorer  when  he  announces  your 
name  and  value  of  your  shot. 

When  your  score  is  finished  examine  your  score  and  total 
on  the  score  board. 

When  you  leave  the  range  go  at  once  to  the  cleaning  rack. 

44 


YARDS 
FU.E  .NO-*.-...     ZERO\._.^. 

INDEX     OP    CONDITIONS    'Rl 

PLACE 

DATE 

HOUR 

X, 

W  1  N  D 
OCLOCK  MILES 

MIRRCE 

LIGHT 

&EVATION 

w.  G. 

SCORE 

INDEX    OF  CONDITIONS  IS  USUALDT    USED    6V  THE  MOST  EXPERT   SHOTS  . 
WrTH  THE.  GOOD   AMMUHlTiON  HOW    ISSUED    ANY  PREVIOUS  -ELEVATION  WILL 
USUALLY    HIT  THE   TARGET,    HMD  THE   BULLS    EYE  SHOULD   OE  FOUND  BY 
THE   SIGHTING    SHOTS.     *N    INDEX    15  OF    NO     USE    AT    SHORT  RANGES 
G>UT    flT    LONG     RANGES     IT    IS    OF    CONSIDERABLE    A.ID    AND  IS  ALWAYS 
INTERESTING    FOR   THE    STUDY    OF  VOUR    RIFLE,    .»T     eN«BLE&    YOU 
TO    SEE     AT     A    GLANCE     WHAT     PREVIOUS     DAYS    SHOOTING    WAS    DONE 
UNDER    THE    CONDITIONS     NEAREST    TO  THOSE    OF  THE    PRESENT 
DAY    AMD    TO    DECIDE    HOW    TO    SET    YOUR    SIGHTS, 

45 


YARI 
FUE  h 

D^ 
IO-. 

ZERC 

L  .         - 

INDEX     OF    CONDITIONS    Rl 

PLACE 

DATE 

HOUR 

X, 

W  1  N  O 
OCLOCK  MILES 

MIRAGE 

LIGHT 

B£VATION 

W.  G- 

SCORE 

INDEX    OF  CONDITIONS  IS  USUALLY   USED    &f  THE  MOST  EXPERT   SHOTS  . 
WfTH  THE  GOOD   AMMUHITION  MOW    ISSUED    ANY   PREVIOUS    ELEVATION  WILL 
USUALLY    HIT  THE   TARGET.    flND  THE   BULLS    EXE  SHOULD   6E  FOUND  BY 
THE   SIGHTING    SHOTS.     AN    INDEX    15  OF    NO     USE    AT    SHORT  RANGES 
G>UT     AT    LONG     RANGES     IT     IS    OF    CONSIDERABLE    A.ID    A.ND  IS  ALWAYS 
INTERESTING    FOR   THE    STUDY    OF   VOUR    RIFLE.     IT     ENABLES    YOU 
TO    SEE.     AT     A    GLANCE     WHAT     PREVIOUS     DAYS    SHOOTING    WA.S    DONE 
UNDER    THE    CONDITIONS     NEAREST    TO  THOSE    OF  THE    PRESENT 
DAY    AND    TO    DECIDE    HOW    TO    SET    YOUR    SIGHTS. 

46 


RIFLE  No 
AMMUNITION 


ZEF?O 


PLACE 


DflTE 


HOUR 


HOUR 


200  YARDS 


3      2 


O 


2( 


200  YARDS 


Wind    .-.Oclock Miles 

Light I-*— - 

Elevation Wind  Gauge 

Event 


Wind    —  .Dclock   ..-Miles 
Light... 

Elevation.-v..  WindGau^e. 
Event.. 


47 


en 
8 


RtFL£    NO 


PLACE 


AMMUNITION 


DRTE 


HOUR 


HOUR 


200  YARDS 


1 


» 


200  YARDS 


2( 


)O 


I 


9  . 


Wind    ...Oclock Miles 


Wind    —  -Qclock   ..-Miles 


lie  vat  i  b'nT.Y.V  Win3  "Gauge ... 
ivent 


Lighi 

Elevation....  Wind  Gauge... 


iveni 


48 


NO 


PLACE 


AMMUNITION 


HOUR 


HOUR 


200  YARDS 


I 


o 


I 


2< 


)O 


200  YARDS 


I 


Wind    __.0clock Miles 

Light _„ 

Elevation Wind  i 

Event 


Wind    ---OclocK   ..-Mites 

Elevaf  iohV."  I"  Wind  Gauge"! 
Event  _ . 


R(FL£    NO 


PLACE 


AMMUNITION 


DflTE 


HOUR 


HOUR 


200  YARDS 


3      2 


2< 


200  YARDS 


Wind    --.Oclock Miles 

Ltgh-V ._ 

Elevaiion Wind  Gauge —. 
vent.. ... .. . 

(0 


Wind    ...Dctock   ---Miles 
Light _ 

Elevation Wind  Gauge. 

Event.. 


I 

rn 


RIFLE  No 
AMMUNITION 


ZERO 


PLACE 


DRTEL 


HOUR 


DPVTE. 


HOUR 


200  YARDS 


2< 


200  YARDS 


Wind    _--Oclock Miles 

Ligh-i- 

levation Wind  Gauge... 

,vent 


Wind    .. ..Oclock   ..-Miles 
Light..- 

Elevation Wind  Gauge . 


61 


RIFLE  No 


PLACE 


AMMUNITION 


HOUR 


HOUR 


X 


200  YARDS 


200  YARDS 


Wind    .--Oclock Miles 

Lighi 

leva^ion Wind  Gauge 

,vent 


Wind    -. -O'clock   .. -Miles 
Lighl 

Elevation.-,..  Wind  Gauge, 
Event . . 


52 


RIFLE  No 

AMMUN  IT i  ON 


ZERO 


PLACE 


DRTE 


HOUR 


HOUR 


X 


X 


300  YARDS 


1   00 


I-  GO, 


oc 


300  YARDS 


9    T 


tr-T 


....Oclock   ...Miles 


Wind   ....Dcloc 


Eleva+ion 
Event 


Elevation Wind  Gauge.. 

Event, ,  ^ 


Elevation Wind  Gauge. 


Wind    ..  ..Dcloc      .  .'.Allies 


EL    jtion,,.,.  WindGauge,, 
Event 


RIFLE  Ho 

AMMUNITION 


ZERO 


PLACE 


DFTTE 


HOUR 


DRTE 


HOUR 


X 


X 


300  YARDS 


300  YARDS 


fc-  00 


I-  OQ 


-DC 


I  H?  2. 


I    T     0    T     I    '?   2 


Wind  ..-.Octock  ...Miles 


Wind   .....Dclock   ....Hiles 


, 

Jevaiton .  WmdGau^e 


Elevation 

Event 


56 


RIFLE  No 


ZERO 


PLACE 


AMMUN  ITION 


HOUR 


X 


300  YARDS 


i 


300  YARDS 


t-  oo 


1-Oq 


1-00 


'?     I 


o    T    I 


Win-d  .-.Oclock   ...Miles 
igh-*- 
levation 


Wind   .--.Oclock   ....Jtues 


Elevation 
Event 


Wind   ...JJdocK   ...Miles 
Elevation 


Elevation Wind  Gauge.., 

Event 


RIFLE  Ho , .      ZEPO,  .«„„«,. 

PLACE... DATE A       HQUF*= 

AMMUNITION.  . 


EVENT. 


No 


ElevW.G. 


Pbll 


500  YARDS 


I 


I 


7 


8 


10 


O 


O 


X 

X 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


WIND 
LIGHT 


...MILES MIRAGE. 

59 


TOTRL  SCORE 


RIFLE  Ho. ........      ZERO. 

PLACE D«TE_.___ 

AMMUNITION.  . 


No'ElevW.G/Pbll 


EVENT. 


Ji. 


500  YARDS 


t 

-2 


I 


7 


8 


10 


WitND 

LIGHT 


--.MILES  MIRAGE  fc, 

GO 


TOTRL  SCORE 


RIFLE  Ho ZEPO,_  _  B  a  «  . 

PLACE DATE HOUR. 

AMMUN\TIQN.  . 


EVENT. 


NoElevW.G.R>ll 


500  YARDS 


o 


I 
"2 


I 


2 


7 


8 


9 


10 


O 


X 


O 


X 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


D 


O 


O 


O 


WIND 
LIGHT 


...MILES MIRAGE. 

61 


TOTAL  SCORE 


RIFLE  Ho .,      2&PO. ... 

PLACE DATE a       Hour^ 

AMMUNITION.  . 


No  El 


500  YARDS 


r 


7 


8 


10 


WIND 
LIGHT 


TOTRL  SCORE 


62 


..FLE    NO..... 

PLACE 

AMMUNITION. 


DATE 


HOUR. 


EVENT. 


No 


Elev 


ji 


500  YARDS 


i-          0 


2 


7 


8 


10 


WitMQ 
JCHT 


68 


TOTRL  SCORE 


RITLE  Ho ZEPO .*.. 

PLACE DATE.....       HOUR. 

AMMUNITION.. 


EVENT. 


No-Elev 


500  YARDS 


5 


7 


8 


10 


0 


o 


X 

X 


o 


o 


D 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


o 


VVlNQ 

LIGHT 


V..£)CLOCK  .. 


64 


TOTRL  SCORE 


(^IFLE   No ZERO 

PLACE DATE ^s     HOUR. 

AMMUNITION.. 


E.VENT_ 


NoEI«W.G. 


Pull 


600  YARDS 


? 


o 


X 


o 


X 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


C 


O 


O 


O 


WIND 
LIGHT, 


...OCLOCK,  ...MILES  MiRflGE.. 


TOTAL  SCORE 


65 


o__^.- a     ZERO , 

PLACE DATE.  __.._;     HOUR. 

AMMUNITION. 


EVENT.-. 


NoElevW.a 


600  YARDS 


I        ! 
f    "Z 


2 


3 


7 


8 


10 


WIND 


LIGHT 


^_.,OCLOCK MILES  MIRRGE_. 


TOTAL  SCORE 


No . =     ZERO ^ 

PLACE. DATE _^     HOUR. 

AMMUNITION 


NoElevW.G.Pull 


600  YARDS 


O 


X 


O 


X 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


67 


SCORE 


fyFLE  No ZERO 

PLACE DATE HOUR. 

AMMUNITION 


E.VEN7__ 


NoElevW.G. 


600  YARDS 


4rdr 


7 


8 


9 


10 


WIND 


LIGHT, 


*  .. .MILES  Mi RflGE_. 


68 


TOTAL  SCORE 


(^IFLE  No ZERO 

PLACE DATE HOUR. 


EVENT.- 


NoElevW.G. 


» 


600  YARDS 


T 


7 


8 


10 


WIND 
LIGHT 


. OCLOCK  ...MILES  Mi RPCE  __ 


TOTAL  SCORE 


69 


fyFLE  No ZERO 

PLACE OBTE. ^     HOUR. 

AMMUNITION 


EVENT 


NoEievW.G.Pull 


600  YARDS 


T  J  9  ?? 


'T 


7 


8 


10 


O 


o 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


o 


c 


o 


o 


o 


___MlLES  MlRfK.E... 

70 


TOTAL  SCORE 


RIFLE   No_...Aa^.s.. 

AMMUNITION  ________  ^ 

WIND       ____  OCLOCK 


DATE__ 
__MtLES    W.C.. 


LIGHT..  .. 


RARID  FIRE. 

BmTLE 


. 

POINTS  OF  W»N DAG EL^OO  YARDS 


SCORE: 


SIGHT 


POmTS    OF  WINDAGE    3OOVRRDS 


TOTBL 


USE   BAYONET  «T  ZOO  YDS- KNEEL  OT   RPPEARAHCE    OF  TARGET 
YOU  flRE  ALLOWED  TO  USE  WINDAGE  WITH    BOTTLE  SIGHT 

THE  POIMT  OF  AIM  INDICATED  IS  CORRECT    FOR  AVERAGE.  rt\FLB 

BY  SIGHTING  IN  PRONE  YOU  CAN  FIND  WHERE  TO  AIM  TO 

HJT  ABOUT  WHERE  THE  FIGURE  4  IS  SHOWN   ABOVE 

300  YDS  WITHOUT  BAYONET- POSITION  SITTING  OR  KNEEL! NO 

TW  TO  GET  THE  F»RST  SHOT  OFF  GOOD-TAKE  TIME  TO  GE1  q  GOOD  POSITION 

TiMEgnnr  ZOOGLZOQ  MHRKSMRNS  COURSE  20 sees- 500x05  ss. COURSE  aosecs. 

71 


•X3 
C 
c<J 


^ 
O 


T?IFLE     tSO *  —  »„, 

AMMUNITION ... 

WIND      _.__OCLOCK 


--MILES 


HOUR 

LIGHT. 


RAPID  FIRE. 

BmTLE 


v5   2 


I  AIM    HERE    ' 
POINTS  OF  WIN  DACE    ZOO  YARDS 


POINTS    OF  WINDAGE    3OOVRROS 


SCORE. 


TOT  PL 


USE  BAYONET  AT  ZOOYD5-KNEEL  «T  RPPEARAHCE  OFTARGET 
YOU  flRE  ALLOWED  TO  USE  WINDAGE  WITH  BATTLE  SIGHT 
THE  POrNT  OF  AIM  INDICATED  IS  CORRECT    FOR  AVERAGE  rttFLE 
BY  SIGHTING  IN  PRONE  YOU  CAN  FIND  WHERE  TO  HIM  TO 
HIT  ABOUT  WHERE;  THE  FIGURE  4  »5  SHOWN   ABOVE 

3OOYD5    WITHOUT   BAYONET— POSITION   SITTING  OR  KNEEU NO 
TRY  TO  GET  THE  FIRST  SHOT  OFF  GOOD -TAKE  TIME  TO  GET  fl  GOOD  POSITION 
TlMEgMlT  ZQO8b3OO  MWRKSMflNS  COURSE  20 SECS - 50OYO5  SS. COURSE  3OSECS 

72 


RIFLE     ISO ZERO 

AMMUNITION DATE 

WIND       ___.OCLOCK  __  MILES 


POINTS  OF  WlNDftCE    ZOO  YARDS 


USE   BAYONET  AT  2OOYDS-KNEEL  OT   RPPEARAISCE    OF  TARGET 

YOU  ORE  ALLOWED  TO  USE  WINDAGE  WITH    BOTTLE  SIGHT 

THE  POINT  OF«tM  INDICATED  \S  CORRECT     FOR  AVERAGE  rttFLE 

BY  SIGHTING  IN  PRONE  YOU  CAN  RND  WHERE  TO  OIM  TO 

HIT  ABOUT   WHERE  THE  FIGURE:  4   IS  SHOWN    A&OVE 
3OOVD5    WITHOUT   BAYONET- POSITION    SlTTI NO  OR  KNEELING 
TRY  TO  GET  THE  FIRST  SHOT  OFF   GOOD -TAKE  TIME  TO  GET  fl  GOOD  POSITION 
TIME  LIMIT  2OO&3OQ  r-|RRKSNRM6  COURSE  20  SECS  - 500x05  SS. COURSE  3OSECO 

73 


8.9 


6^S,&CMC^,        ZERO 

AMMUNITION __^ 

WIND      OCLOCK  __MtLES 


PLACE 
OU 
LIGHT . 


RARID  FIRE 


AIM    HEB.E    ' 

POINTS  OF  WINDAGE  ZOO  YARDS 


iM    HERE 

POINTS    OF  WINDAGE    3OO  YARDS 


SCORE 


(TOTBLJ 


USE   BAYONET  OT  ZOO  YDS- KNEEL  flT   RPPEARANCE   OF  TARGET 
YOg  flRE  ALLOWED  TO  USE  WINDAGE  WITH    BOTTLE  SIGHT 
THE  POINT  OF  AIM  INDICATED  IS  CORRECT     FOR  AVERACE 
BY  SIGHTING    IN   PRONE  YOU   CAN    RND  WHERE  TO  ««M  TO 
HIT  ABOUT  WHERE  THE  FIGURE  4   IS  SHOWN    ABOVE 
300  YDS    WITHOUT   BAYONET- POSITION    SlTTI NG  OR  KNEELING 
TRY  TQ  GET  THE  FIRST  SHOT  OFF   GOOD -TAKE  TIME  TO  GET  A  GOOD  POSITION 
TIME  LIMIT  2QO£t30O  MRRKSMflNS  COURSE  20 5ECS - 500x05  SS. COURSE  3O5EC3 

74 


RIFLE     Rdu.ft.*Ma 

AMMUNITION -^, 

WIND      _,__OCLOCK 


«  PATE 
MtLES    W. 


RARID  FIRE. 

BmTLE 


Ifl...    -.- 

POINTS   OF  WINDAGE    ZOO  YARDS 


SCORE: 


SIGHT 


pomrs  OF  wiND&ce  3OO  YARDS 


USE  BAYONET  «7  ZOO  YDS- KNEEL  OT  RPPEaRANGE  OF  TARGET 
YOU  flRE  ALLOWED  TQ  USE  WINDAGE  WITH  BOTTLE  SlOKT 
THE  POINT  OF  AIM  INDICATED  »S  CORRECT    FOR  AV&E^RGE 
BY  SIGHTING  IN  PRONE  YOU  CAN  FIND  WHERE  TO  RIM  TO 
HIT  ABOUT  WHERE  THE  FIGURE;  4  is  SHOWN   ABOVE 

3OOYD5    WITHOUT   BAYONET- POSITION    SITTING  OR.  KNEELING 
TRY  TO  GET  THE  FIRST  SHOT  OFF   COOD-TRKETIME  TO  GET  fl  GOOD  POSITION 
2OO&30Q  MRRKSMfWS  COURSE  20 SECS - 5QOxO5  SS. COURSE 

75 


-.-si 


NO_ _  „_ 

AMMUNITION *^ 

WIND      _._.OCLOCK     ._. 


ZERO.  ... 
DATE__ 


PLACE _..w. 

HOUR * 

LIGHT.. 


RARID  FIRE. 

BOTTLE 


I      2^4 


.YARDS 


SIGHT 


POINTS  OF  WINDAGE    ZOO  YARDS 


^IM    HERE     I 

OF  WINDAGE    3OOY8RDS 


SCORE: 


USE   BAYONET  tfT  2OOYDS-KNEEL  OT   RPPEARANCE    OFTARGE1T 

YOU  flRE  flLUOWEO  TO  USE  WINDAGE  WITH    BOTTLE  SIGHT 

THE  POINT  OFftlM  INDICATED  \S  CORRECT     FOR  AVERFVCE  I^»FLE 

^Y  SIGHTING  m  PRONE  YOU  CAN  RN.D  WHERE  TO  R»M  TO 

HIT  ABOUT  WHERE  THE  FIGURE!  4   \5  SHOWN    A&OVE 
300 YDS    WITHOUT   BAYONET- POSITION   SITTING  OR.  KNEELING 
TRY  TO  GET  THE  F»R$T  SHOT  OFF  COD D -TAKE TIME  TO  GET  fl  GOOD  POSITION 
TIM6UH|T  200^.300  MRRKSMflNSGQORSE  20 5^CS - 500^05  SS. COURSE  3OSEC3 

76 


MO ZERO PLRCE. 

AMMUNITION... DATE HOUR 

WIND    .    ..QCLOCK        _  MILES  MIRAGE LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
«T-4OOYAR06  UVTACLIP  HRNDY  FOR  RELDQplNG 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  6OO»..  .  •• 


000 


500 


40C 


350 


300 


USE  PEEPSIGHT  flT60OXftROS 
AIHDUSE  50VOS  LOWEHTHAN 

W   FIRE  ELEVATION. 
USE  BATTLEStGHT  ffT  ftlXOTHEK 
SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fllM  LOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 

IS  USUflLLV  THE  CORRECT 

TO  CHECK    YOOR    ZERO    EXAM  \  ME  TARGETS  PLACE  ID  AIM.  DO  NOT  OWfcE 

*NO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  ffT  60Oa500YDS  OFGOOD      VVINOACE  BETWEEN  600&500 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAJ-\E  WINDAGE. 600 &50OYO  HITS     AFTER  5OOTAKE  OFF 
WERE ,  ,  .  .  .OTHER  TflftGETS  FOR  WINDAGE    yviNDACe  CRROURLLY. 

77 


2DC 


five 


20 


3TWE« 
HITS 


scow 


I 


RIFLE  NO ZERO PLRCE. 

AMMUNITION DATE HOUR 

WIND    OCLOCK     _^__  MILES  MIRAGE LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
flT-40O  YARDS  LAY  A  CLIP  HRNDY   FOR 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  60O 


oco 

500 
4CC 
350 
30C 


2DC 


Fives  fours 


20 


X 


KJTRl. 
SCORE 


TO  CHECK  YOUR  2ERO  EXAM  \  rsE.  TflRGETS 
flND  ESPEClALCf  THE  HITS  ffT  60O  a  500  YDS  OF  GOOD 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  WINDAGE. 600 &50OYO  HITS 
WERE  -  - OTHER  TflRGETS  FOR  WINDAGE 

"78 


USE  PEEPSIGH1  AT60OYRRDS 

AHDUSE  50  YDS  LOWER  THAN 
SLOW  RRE  ELEVATION,. 
USE  6ATTLES1GHT  AT  AU  OTHER, 

SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fllM  LOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 
IS  USUALLY  THE  CORRECT 
PLACE  TO  A»M .  DO  NOT  CWflMGE 
WINDAGE  SETWEEIS  600&500 
AFTER  50OTAKE  OFT 
VVINOA.GE  GRROUALUY. 


RIFLE  MO 

AMMUNITION. 

WIND    .    ..OCLOCK 


ZERO PLRCE 

„     DATE. HOUR 

.^.MILES  MIRAGE LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  OH  SKIRMISH 
AT -4OO  YARDS  LAY  ACLIP  HRNDY   FOR  RELOOD1NC 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  6OO»..  .  -• 


TO  CHECK  YOUR  ZERO  EXAM  »  ME  TflRGETS 
*ND  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  AT  60Oa900YOS  OFGOOD 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  W\ N DACE. 600 &50OYO  HITS 
WERE OTHER  TARGETS  FOR  WmDAGE 

79 


NO 

Shoti 


000 


500 


40C 


350 


300 


20 


X 


TOTRL 
SCORE 


USE  PEERSICHT  flT  600  XRRDS 


SLOW    FIRE  ELEVATION- 
USE  6HTTLES1GHT  ffT  fllXOTHERi 
SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fllM  IOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 
IS  USUALLY  THE  CORRECT 
PLACE  TO  AIM  .  DO  NOT  CWRtlCE 
WINDAGE  6ETVMEEH  600&500 
AFTER  5OOTPKE  OFF 

GRROUQLU.V.  _ 


ffl  ^ 


AMMUNITION DATE HOUR 

WIND     .      __OCLOCK  ...MILES  MIRAGE.,  .      LIGHT. 


SKIRMISH 

TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
AT -4QO  YAt*OS  LAYACllP  HANDY   FOR  R&LDOPINC 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT, 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  6OO«. .  -  -. 


TO  CHECK  YOUR  ZERO  EX  A  n  I  ME  TARGETS 
/RNO  ESPEC»ALLV  THE  HITS  flTT  60O  a  500  YDS  OF  GOOD 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAnE  WWDAGE  600S.50OYO  HITS 
WERE OTHER  TARGETS  TOR  WWDflGE 


era 


500 


40C 


350 


30C 


2DC 


NO 

Shofc 


fives  fours 


20 


X 


USE  PEEPSICHT  flT60OXRRDS 
AND  USE  50  ^OS  UDV^&R.THftH 
SWOW    FJRE  EUEVATIOW 
USE  6ATTLESKIHT  BT  fllA.  OTHEK 
SKIRMISH  RAHCES-  fltM  IOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 
IS  USUALLY  THE  CORRECT 
PLACE  TO  AIM.  DO  NOT  OWNCE 
WINDAGE  8ETWEEH  600&SX) 
AFTER  5OOTAKE  OFF 
WINDAGE  GRRPUALUV1. 


RIFLE  NO 


WIND     .....  OCLOCK 


ZERO  _________ 

.     DATE  __________      HOUR  ___ 

....MILES  MIRAGE  _______      LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
AT -40O  YARDS  LAYACL1P  HRNDY   FOR  RELOADING 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  6OO. —  -. 


GOO 


500 


40C 


350 


30C 


USE  PEERSICHT  AT60OXRROS 

AIHDUSE  50  YDS  iDWEi^THAh 
SLOW  FIRE  ELEVATION, 

USE  BATTLESICKT  fH  RUOTHEK 
SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fllM  LOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 

ISUSURLLX  THE  CORRECT 

TO  CHECK    YOUR    ZERO     EX  AMI  ME.  TARGETS  PLACE  TO  f\\n.  DO  NQTCHW1QE 

/RNO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  AT  60Oa500YDS  OF  GOOD     WINDAGE  BETWEEN  600&5QO 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  WINDAGE. 600ft 5OOYO  HFTS     AFTER  5OOTAKE  OFF 
WERE  -  - OTHER  TARGETS  FOR  WH PAGE    yytNDAGE 

81 


NO 

Shold 


20C 


Fives  fours 


X 


SOTS* 


as 


RIFLE    MO^ ZERO. .., 

AMMUNITION M      DATE.. ,       HOUR 

WIND     QCLOCK  ...MILES  MIRAGE...  __     LIGHT. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COU1HT  ON  SKIRMISH 
«T -400  YARDS  LRX  ACJ.IP  HFWtff   FOR 

AFTER   FIRST  SHOT. 
SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT 


TO  CHECK  YOUR  ZERO  EXAM  1  ME.  TARGETS 

ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  flT  60O  a  500  YDS  OF  GOOD 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SOME  VW N DACE. 600 &50OYD  HITS 
OTHER  TARGETS  TOR  WINDAGE 


eoo 


40C 


350 


30C 


NO 

5ho|s 


500 


20 


X 


BVES  Fours 


USE  PEEPSIGHT  AT600XRROS 
ANDUSE50VDS  UCWERTttflN 

SLOW  FIRE  ELEVATION. 

USE  BfllTLESlCHT  flT  RU  OTHEK 
SKIRMISH  RANGES-  W\M  IOYV 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 
IS  USURLLX  THE  CORRECT 

pLflcE  TO  oin .  DO  nor  OWNGE 

WINDAGE  8ETWEEM  600&t50O 
flFTER   5OOTPKE  OFF 
WINDAGE  GRRDUOLUY. 


RIFUI  KCU ZERO PLRCE. 

AMMUNITION., DATE HOUR 

WIND    .    ..C)CLOCK        ...MILES  MIRAGE...        .    LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COOIHT  ON  SKIRMISH 

AT-40O  YARDS  LAY  « CUP  HRNDY   FOR 

AFTCR     P»RST    SHOT, 

SKIRMISH   ELEVATION   USED  flT  60O.. 


900 


500 


40C 


350 


300 


70C 


NO 


Fives  fours 


20 


\x 


WTBt 
SCORE 


USE  PCEPSICHT  AT  6CP  XARDS 
AND  USE  50  YDS  UDWERTflAN 

SLOW  FIRE  ELEVATION. 


SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fl»M  VDVY 
BOTTOM  OF  EMTIRE  TARGET 
_  ,_          _________  __  ,_  _  ,_    ..         _  k  IS  USUflLLX  THE  CORRECT 

TO  CHECK    TOUR    ZERO    EXAM  t  rs£  TARGETS  PLACE1OA»M    CX)  NOT  CM 

>RNO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  AT  6OOa500YDS  OFCXXX>  W,NDAGE  BETWEEK 
SKIRMISHERS  US\NC  SAHE  WmDAGE.  600  &50OYO  HITS  flFTER  5QOTAKE 
WERE  ...........  OTHER  TARGETS  FOR  WIN  DACE  yvmOACE 

83 


CU ZERO .._-,  PL&CE. 

AMMUNITION DATE HOUR 

WIND     QCLOCK          ...MILES  MIRAGE LIGHT. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 

AT-4QO  YARDS  LAYACLIP  HRNDY   FOR 

AFTER     FIRST    SHOT, 

SKIRMISH    ELEVATION    USED  AT  COO 


e 


40C 


350 


30C 


500 


Eves  fours 


20 


X 


tOTRL 
500RP 


__  ___ 

TO  CHECK    YOUR    ZERO     EX  AMI  fSE.  TARGETS 
>RNO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  AT  600a500YDS  OFCXXX> 
SKIRMISHERS  US\NiG  SAME  WINDAGE.  600&50OYD  HITS 
WERE-  -  .........  OTHER  THRGETS  FOR  Wm  PAGE    wmDACE 

14 


USE  PEEPSICHT  AT600XRRDS 
AND  USE  SO  YDS  UDVYER.THAN 
SLOW    FIRE  ELEVATIOIV 
USE  6RTTLES1CHT  HT  ftU  OTHEf^ 
SKIRMISH  RAHGES-  fllM  LOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TBRQET 
IS  USUflLlX  THE  CORRECT 
PLflCE  ID  AIM  .  DO  NOT  CWflMCE 
WINDAGE  SETWEEM  600&5CX) 
flFTER  50OTAKE  OFF 


RIFLE    NO^ ZEftO_ PLRCE. 

AMMUNITION DATE HOUR... 

WIND     OCLOCK  ...MILES  MIRAGE LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
«T  -400  YARDS  LAYACLIP  MRNDY   FOR  RELOOPING 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT, 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  AT  60O«. .  .  .. 


TO  CHECK    TOUR    ZERO     EX  AM  \  ME.  TRRCE.TS 
/1NO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  AT  60Oa5QOYDS  OFGOOD 

SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  WWDACE.600&50OYD  HITS 

WERE  -  - OTHER  TftRGETS  FOR  WINDAGE 

85 


00Q 


500 


40C 


350 


30C 


NO 

Shofc 


20C 


\ 


fives  fours 


20 


X 


USE  PEEPSICHT  flT600XRRDS 
AROUSE  50 YDS  LOWER. THAN 
SLOW    FIRE  ELEVPT1ON. 
USE  3ATTLES1GHT  fit  ALL  QTHEK 
SKIRMISH  RANGES^  AIM  IOW 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TARGET 
IS  USUALLY  THE  CORRECT 
PLflCE  TO  Atn .  DO  NOT  QWflttGE 

WINDAGE  SETWEEN  600&9DO 

AFTER   50OTPKE  OFF 
WINDAGE   GRROUFU.L.Y. 


RIFL£    rsiCX. ZERO. ...  PLRCE. 

AMMUNITION .      DATE HOUR 

WIND     .      ..OCLOCK  ,  ..MILES  MIRAGE...          .      LIGHT.. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
AT-40O  YARDS  LflYRCLlP  HRNDY  FOR  RELO 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  «T  60O-. 


TO  CHECK    YOUR    ZERO    EXflM  \  ME.  TARGETS 
/RNO  BSPECmLLV  THE  HITS  fTT  60Oa5OOYOS  OF  GOOD 

SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  WINDAGE. 600&50O YD  HITS 

WERE .  .   .OTHER  TARGETS  FOR  WWDRGE 


000 


40C 


350 


300 


500 


NO 


Fives  fours 


2 


20 


X 


SCORP 


USE  PEEPSIGHT  flTGOOXRROS 
AND  USE  50  YDS  LDV^ERTHAH 

SLOW  FIRE  ELEVATION. 

USE  BATTLESJGHT  flT  flLL  QTHEK 
SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fllM  LOW 
BOTTOM  OF  EMTlRE  TBRGET 

S  USUALLY  THE  CORRECT 
PLACE  TO  AIM  .  DO  NOT  CMPMCE 
WINDAGE  BETWEEN  600&500 

AFTER   5OOTAKE  OFF 
VV1NDRGE  CRROUALUY. 


RIFLE   N<X._ ZERO „,  PLftC£ 

AMMUNITION.. «,      DATE HOUR 

WIND     .      ..OCLOCK  ...MILES  MIRAGE...  .      LIGHT. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 

AT  -4OO  YARDS  LRYACLIP  HRNDY   F=OR 

AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH   ELEVATION   USED  AT  6OO* 


000 


40C 


350 


300 


TO  dHECK  YOUR  ZERO  EXAM  \  tSE  TORGE.TS 
flNO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  AT  60Oa500YDS  OFGOOD 
SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  Wm  DACE.  600  &50OYD  HITS 
WERE  ...........  OTHER  TARGETS  FQR  WNQAGE 

87 


500 


290 


\ 


NO 


fives  fours 


20 


\x 


sea* 


USE  PEEFStGHT 

A1HDUSE  50  YDS  LOWE.R.TH^H 

SUOW   FIRE 

USE  SATTLEStCKT  flT  ftlXOT^EK 

SKIRMISH  RANGES- 

BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE 

IS  USUALLY  THE 

PLACE  1OA»M.  DO  NOT  CMfMlCE 

vy,NDAGE  SETWEEti  6QO&500 

flFTER  5OOTBKE  OFT 

yviNOKGE 


RIFLE  NO ZERO PLRCE 

AMMUNITION .^     DATE HOUR 

WIND    .    ..OCLOCK       ...MILES  MIRAGE  ...        .    LIGHT. 


SKIRMISH 


TWOS    AND  THREES    DO  NOT  COUNT  ON  SKIRMISH 
AT  -400  YARDS  LAY  A  CUP  HRNDY   FOR  RELOflDlNG 
AFTER     FIRST    SHOT. 

SKIRMISH  ELEVATION  USED  ar  60O«..  .  -• 


500 
40C 


USE  PEEPSICHT  AT6CXDXRRDS 
AND  USE  50  YDS  LDWEn.-WfW 

SLOW  FIRE  ELEVATION,. 

USE  BOTTLESIGHT  flT  flu  OTHER, 
SKIRMISH  RANGES-  fllM  IOYV 
BOTTOM  OF  ENTIRE  TRRG6T 

ISUSUflLLX  THE  CORRECT 

TO  CHECK    YOUR    HERO     EX  AM  \  ME.  TARGETS  PLfiCE  TO  «>n .  DO  HOT  CWflMCE 

/RNO  ESPECIALLY  THE  HITS  fiT  6008 ;.5CO YDS  OFGOOD      W,MDftGE  8ETV»E£tS  600«5X' 

SKIRMISHERS  USING  SAME  WINDAGE. 600 &5COYO  HITS    /IFTER  SOOTAKE  OFT 

WERE  -  - OTHER  TARGETS  FOR  W'.N PAGE     yvmPftCE   CRROUJ41  uY__ 

88 


30C 
2DO 


NO 


Fives  fours 


20 


\. 


RIFLE    No_._ ZtRO PLACE 

AMMUNITION^ DRTE HOUR.. 

WIND     .QCLOCK    .MILES  MIRRGE LIGHT." 


800  YARDS 


50 
25 
O 

.25 
50  I 


No 


Elev 


W.G. 


dll 


O 


o 


2345 


o 


00 


o 


6789 


o 


o 


O 


O 


10  NOTES 


O 


O 


TOTAL  SCORE. 

89 


RIFLE    No. ZELRO PLACE. _ 

AMMUNITION, DRTE HOUR 

WIND     JOcLOCK    .MILES  MIRRGE LICHX." 


800  YARDS 


-25 

O 
.25 

50  I 


No 


3ev 


Af.C. 


O 


o 


XX 


23456789 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


o 


10  NOTES 


O 


o 


TOTAL  SCORE. 


RIFLE    No- ZELRO PLACE 

-\MMUNITION DflTE. HOUR 

/VINO     JOcLocK    MILES  MIRRGE LIGHT. 


800  YARDS 


•50 
•25 
-0 
25 
50  , 


W.C. 


O 


\XX 


o 


o 


00 


4 


O 


O 


O 


7 


O 


8 


O 


10  NOTES 


O 


O 


TOTAL  SCORE: 

91 


RIFLE    No_ ZELRO *       PLACE 

AMMUNITION, DRTE HOUR 

WIND     -OcLocK    MILES  MIRRCE...  UG'HX 


800  YARDS 


i  f  7  ^-  o 


•50 


•25 


-o 


.25 


SO 


No 


Ele 


W.G. 


10 


o 


\xx 


o 


0 


O 


O 


4 


O 


O 


O 


7 


O 


8 


O 


0 


O 


o 


TOTAL  SCORE. 

92 


NOTES 


RIFLE  No.  ......  _.,,       ZERO  ........  _.     PLACE  .......  - 

AMMursiTiON...^  .....       DATE  _________         HOUR  _____ 

WIND       __fc__.  O'CLOCK     *  ___  -M  i  LES  MIRAGE:  ______    LIGHT_ 


No 


Elev 


Pbll 


O 


o 


O 


1000    YARDS 


23456789 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


TOTAL    SCORE 

93 


25 
YDS 


YDS 


'i 


|0  NOTES 


O 


i1 


11 


»< 

V 

tH         . 

H.2 


P»FL£  No... .,_«,„.,       ZERO -,      PLACE , 

AnMUMiTiON-..^.^-.^*       DATE- .  _.         HOUR____. 

WIMD       ^^^..OCLOCK     . JIILES  MIRAGE .^    LIGHT... 


1000    YARDS 


fi       i     ^     i       13 
T    ?    ?    ^.  .7    ¥ 


YDS 


r 

H 


No 


Elev 


W.G 


Pbfl 


O 


O 


O 


O 


iXX 


O 


O 


O 


O 


7 


O 


8 


O 


10 


NOTES 


O 


O 


TQTS4    SCORE 

94 


PIFLE  No_ ^       ZERO PLACE ^ 

AMMUNITION... DATE HOUR 

WIND        _. O'CLOCK MILES  MIRAGE LIGHT.. _ 

F 

H 


No 


llev 


Fill 


O 


\xx 


O 


O 


1000    YARDS 


23456789 


O 


O 


1^1         13 

JF   ?   ?    7  ¥ 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


Torau    SCORE 

95 


•  2B 
YDS 


10  NOTES 


O 


'3S 

crg^ 


CO    CJ 

Is 


• 


P»PLE  fto _       ZERO.. _.      PLRCE - 

AMMUNITION... DATE HOUR , 

WIND       ^.-..O'CLOCK     J1 1 LES  MIRAGE, LIGHT..*, 

r 

-t 


i    I 

IT 


1000    YARDS 


3       I        I       «      i         \       3 

?   T   ^    ?    "?    T   ? 


25- 
YDS 


No 


Elev 


W.C. 


Pull 


O 


\XX 


o 


2 


O 


O 


o 


4 


O 


7 


O 


O 


O 


O 


10 


o 


o 


TOTAI,    SCORE 

96 


RIFLE  No. ,,.       ZERO PLACE-. 

AMMUNITION...' DATE HOUR 

WIND        __/.- .O'CLOCK     . .MILES  MIRAGE. LIGHT.... 

.»     r 

YP3 


No 


m 


o 


o 


1000"  YARDS 


i4»  i  o  j  j  | 


23456789 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


TOTAL    SCORE 

97 


10 


.§8 
' 


. 


RIFLE  No-...^^^       ZERO.. .,      PLACE «, 

AriMursiTiON_____ DATE HOUR „ 

Wmcj       «*---- O'CLOCK     . — -MiLts  MIRAGE. LIGHT.. 


1000   YA.RDS" 


.25 


lev 


M 


O 


O 


\XX 


23456789 


o 


O 


o 


o 


o 


o 


O 


O 


10 


O 


O 


SCORE 

Ita 


?IFLE  No.,,, 
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...       DATE-,......         HOUR  ___.., 

^--.MtLES  fllPAGE-  .....      LlGHT.. 


I - 


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[lev 


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1000    YARDS 


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O 


O 


O 


O 


O 


SQQB& 


YDS 


99 


r 


RIFLE  No_ 


WIND/ 


ZERO  __________      PL«CE  .......  . 

-..  ________        DATE  ________          HOUR__  ___ 

--  O'CLOCK     _  ___  JIILES  MJPAGE:  ______  L    LiOHTL... 

r 


IOQO    YARDS 


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No 


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23456789 


O 


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o 


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TOTAL    SCOBE 
100 


NOTES 


PART  II 

The.  remaining  contents  of  this  book  are  more  especially  for 
the  information  of  those  who  have  learned  in  practice  the  prin- 
ciples taught  in  the  first  part  of  the  book.  Practical  experience  in 
training  men  to  shoot  has  shown  that  it  is  better  not  to  confuse 
men  with  the  more  advanced  parts  of  the  work  until  they  have 
become  familiar  with  the  simple  and  necessary  part  of  the  training. 
What  follows  is  for  the  information  of  officers  and  non-commis- 
sioned officers  and  for  those  who  have  acquired  sufficient  ability 
and  interest  in  shooting  to  make  other  features  profitable  and 
interesting  to  them.  What  follows  is  not  really  advanced  instruc- 
tion but  only  such  as  the  ordinary  well-informed  rifleman  should 
know  and  what  is  the  very  least  any  one  who  is  to  assist  in  the 
instruction  of  men  should  know.  Shooting  offers  a  limitless  field 
for  work  and  investigation,  and  probably  no  man  will  ever  exhaust 
the  field  or  become  so  advanced  that  there  will  be  nothing  more 
for  him  to  learn. 


THE  MICROMETER  OR  VERNIER. 

The  micrometer  or  vernier  is  a  small  instrument  for  making 
very  small  and  accurate  changes  in  elevation.  It  is  constructed  so 
that  a  movement  of  one  of  its  divisions  makes  a  change  on  the 
target  equal  to  one  inch  for  each  100-yard  range.  For  example  • 
A  change  of  one  division  called  minutes  or  degrees  on  the  microm- 

101 


eter  at  200  yards  gives  us  a  change  of  2  inches  on  the  target;  600 
yards,  6  inches;  1000  yards,  10  inches,  and  so  on  for  every  range. 
The  best  way  to  learn  to  set  and  read  a  micrometer  is  to  get  an 
experienced  man  to  show  you.  The  instrument  is  very  simple 
and  it  is  used  by  all  the  most  expert  shots.  It  is  not  advisable, 
however,  to  teach  its  use  to  inexperienced  men.  When  using  the 
vernier  the  following  are  the  changes  made  between  the  different 
ranges: 

200  yards  Examples:    If  shooting  at  500 

3  yards   raise   the   sight  4  minutes 

300  yards  when    you    begin    to    fire    at   600 

3  yards;  that  is,  if  your  sight  was 
400  yards  set  at  tne  micrometer  reading  of 

4  45  at  500  yards,  you  would  set  it 
*nn  Carrie  at  49  when  you  started  to  shoot 

4  y  at  600  yards.    Another  example: 

i  Suppose   you   were    shooting   at 

60°  yar(  800  yards,  using  the  micrometer 

elevation     of    60,    then     if    you 

700  yards  moved   back    to    the    1000   yards 

6  you  would  raise  the  sight  7  plus 
800  yards  g  or  15  minutes,  so  that  your  mi- 

7  crometer  elevation  at  1000  yards 
900  yards                            would  be  75. 

8 
1000  yards 


102 


THE    WINDAGE    RULE. 

RANGE  X  VELOCITY 


-     =     NUMBER     OF     QUARTER     POINTS     OF     WIND- 

IO 

AGE  REQUIRED  FOR  3  OR  Q  O'CLOCK  WINDS.  Winds  1  hour  away  from 
3  or  9  o'clock,  that  is,  2,  4,  8  and  10  o'clock  winds,  require  only 
slightly  less  windage;  winds  1  hour  away  from  the  12  and  6  o'clock 
line,  that  is,  11,  1,  5  and  7  o'clock  winds,  require  about  half  as  much 
windage  as  the  3  or  9  o'clock  winds.  Example:  When  shooting  at 
600  yards  call  the  range  6,  and  if  the  wind  is  blowing  5  miles  per 
hour  call  the  velocity  5,  then  range  x  velocity  is  6x5  or  30;  this  di- 
vided by  10  gives  3.  Then  the  windage  required  for  a  3  o'clock  wind 
would  be  *A  of  a  point  right  windage  and  for  a  9  o'clock  wind 
34  left.  Another  example:  At  1000  yards  an  8-mile  wind  would  re4- 

10x8 
quire  -     -  =  8  quarters   or  2  points  for  a  3  o'clock  wind   (right 

10 

windage)  or  9  o'clock  wind  (left  windage).  If  the  wind  were 
from  2  or  4  o'clock,  it  would  require  about  \y$  right,  and  if  from 
8  or  10  o'clock,  about  1^4  left.  If  it  were  from  1  or  5  o'clock,  it 
would  require  four  quarters  or  1  point  right  windage,  and  if  from 
7  or  11  o'clock,  1  point  left  windage. 

If  trees  or  other  objects  obstruct  the  wind,  the  effect  of  the 

103 


wind  on  the  bullet  is  less  than  if  the  wind  is  unobstructed,  ana  you 
must  allow  for  this  in  estimating  windage.  The  best  rule  for  a  be- 
ginner is  to  ask  an  experienced  man  where  to  set  the  wind  gauge. 

Remember  that  for  any  wind  the  wind  gauge  is  first  set  to 
the  windward  and  then  after  you  hit  the  target,  if  you  move  the 
wind  gauge  right  or  left,  it  carries  the  bullet  in  the  same  direction. 

6  or  12  o'clock  winds,  that  is  winds  blowing  from  behind  or 
ahead,  do  not  deviate  the  bullet  laterally  and  require  no  windage, 
but  they  are  bad  winds  to  shoot  in,  for  they  seldom  blow  in  one 
direction  steadily  and  are  called  fish  tail  winds,  and  the  least 
change  in  direction  moves  the  bullet  to  the  right  or  left  consid- 
erably, while  slight  changes  in  the  direction  of  cross  winds  (3  or 
9  o'clock)  do  not  affect  the  bullet  so  much.  A  good  steady  cross 
wind,  even  if  it  is  very  strong,  is  a  good  kind  of  a  wind  for  mid 
range  or  long  range  practice. 

Theoretically,  6  o'clock  winds  accelerate  the  bullet,  calling 
for  lower  elevation,  and  12  o'clock  winds  retard  the  bullet,  calling 
for  higher  elevation,  but  practically  with  the  new  Springfield  rifle 
wind  has  little  effect  on  elevation  and,  except  when  it  is  ^very 
strong  and  then  only  at  long  range,  its  effect  in  elevation  is  so 
slight  that  it  need  not  be  considered. 


104 


THE  QUARTER  POINT  RULE. 

CHANGING  THE  WIND  GAUGE  l/^  POINT  MOVES  THE  BULLET  ONE  INCH 
FOR  EVERY  loo  YARDS  OF  RANGE.  For  example : 

l/4  point  at  200  yards  moves  the  bullet     2  inches  on  the  target. 

54  point  at  300  yards  moves  the  bullet    3  inches  on  the  target. 

54  point  at  500  yards  moves  the  bullet    5  inches  on  the  target. 

54  point  at  600  yards  moves  the  bullet    C  inches  on  the  target. 

y\  point  at  800  yards  moves  the  bullet    8  inches  on  the  target. 

54  point  at  1000  yards  moves  the  bullet  10  inches  on  the  target. 

The  above  is  a  very  easy  rule  to  remember.  Notice  that  a 
change  of  54  point  in  windage  moves  the  bullet  right  or  left  the 
same  amount  as  a  change  of  a  minute  on  the  micrometer  moves  the 
bullet  in  elevation. 

The  marks  at  the  bottom  of  the  target  in  the  score  book  show 
how  much  to  change  the  windage  for  hits  directly  above  the  mark, 
but  you  may  not  always  have  your  score  book  with  you  and  it  is 
well  to  remember  the  simple  rule. 


THE  SQUARE  RULE. 

CHANGING  THE  ELEVATION  100  YARDS  AT  ANY  RANGE  GIVES  CHANGE 
ON  THE  TARGET  EQUAL  TO  THE  NUMBER  OF  INCHES  IN  THE  SQUARE  OF  THE 
RANGE.  Example:  At  200  yards  changing  the  elevation  100  yards 
gives  4  inches  change  on  the  target;  at  300  yards,  9  inches;  500 
yards,  25  inches;  600  yards,  36  inches;  800  yards,  64  inches;  1000 
yards,  100  inches.  Changing  50  yards  gives  half  as  much,  and  chang- 

105 


ing  25  yards  gives  quarter  as  much.  For  example:  When  shooting 
at  600  yards,  changing  the  elevation  25  yards  gives  a  change  of  9 
inches  on  the  target;  at  800  yards,  16  inches,  and  at  1000  yards, 
25  inches. 

This  rule  is  not  exact  but  is  close  enough  for  all  practical 
purposes. 

The  mark  on  the  side  of  the  target  in  the  score  book  shows 
how  much  to  change  the  elevation,  but  you  may  not  always  have 
your  score  book  with  you  and  you  should  remember  the  square 
rule. 

Do  not  make  changes  in  windage  or  elevation  boldly.  Make 
a  little  less  change  than  what  the  score  book  or  the  rules  would 
call  for.  In  practice  you  will  find  that  changes  sometimes  carry 
the  bullet  more  than  you  would  expect.  Change  cautiously. 


106 


NOTES    ON   SHOOTING. 

A  few  years  ago,  extensive  systems  of  "dope"  prevailed.  The 
Krag  rifle  then  in  use  and  the  ammunition  were  usually  so  inaccu- 
rate that  failure  to  shoot  accurately  was  assigned  to  a  great  num- 
ber of  causes,  among  them  heat  (thermometer),  pressure  of  air 
(barometer),  moisture  in  the  air  (hygrometer)  and  other  weather 
conditions.  A  rifle  team  outfit  then  resembled  a  weather  bureau. 
These  conditions  do  theoretically  and  slightly  influence  elevations, 
but  to  such  a  small  extent  that  they  need  not  be  considered  with 
the  new  Springfield  rifle  and  the  excellent  ammunition  now  made 
for  it.  i 

There  are  two  conditions  which  do  considerably  affect  eleva- 
tions at  long  range;  they  are  light  and  mirage.  Their  effect  is  not 
noticeable  at  short  range  and  is  small  at  mid  ranges  (500  and  600 
yards),  but  is  considerable  at  long  ranges  (800  and  1000  yards). 
The  effect  on  elevations  by  head  and  tail  winds  is  noticeable  at 
1000  yards  and  strong  winds  require  an  allowance  of  not  over  25 
yards  at  1000  yards.  Higher  elevation  is  required  for  head  winds 
and  lower  elevation  for  rear  winds. 

Mirage.  Mirage  is  the  heat  waves  often  noticed  with  the 
naked  eye,  but  more  clearly  seen  with  the  telescope.  It  is  really 
the  air  traveling  on  the  range.  It  is  the  best  guide  for  windage 
because  as  seen  through  the  telescope  directed  at  the  target  it  is 

107  « 


the  actual  air  through  which  the  bullet  travels,  while  flags  may  show 
currents  of  air  moving  in  other  directions.  When  the  mirage  and 
flags  do  not  agree,  which  is  often  the  case  on  the  range,  the 
mirage  is  the  true  guide. 

The  ability  to  see  clearly  the  correct  movement  of  the  mirage 
and  estimate  its  rate  or  speed  and  to  see  it  stop  and  change  direction 
comes  only  by  practice  and  study.  The  beginner  can  easily  see 
the  disturbance  of  the  air,  but  at  first  is  usually  unable  to  tell 
whether  it  is  moving  to  the  right  or  to  the  left,  or  to  detect  slight 
changes  in  its  speed.  The  best  way  to  acquire  ability  to  skillfully 
use  the  mirage  is  to  constantly  study  it  through  the  telescope 
while  shooting,  and  get  help  from  some  experienced  "wind  doper" 
who  will  watch  it  with  you. 

The  ability  to  use  the  mirage  skillfully  in  shooting  is  what 
distinguishes  the  real  long  range  match  rifleman  from  the  novice. 

Strong  winds  dispel  mirage. 

The  information  obtained  from  the  mirage  is  more  valuable 
when  the  wind  is  light  and  especially  when  it  is  fishtailing,  that 
is,  shifting  from  one  side  to  the  other.  You  cannot  keep  track 
of  the  direction  of  the  fishtail  winds  by  the  flags,  but  the  mirage 
will  tell  you  exactly.  Any  good  holder  can  make  a  good  score 
in  a  cross  wind,  but  the  real  test  comes  when  handling  fishtail 
winds. 

Heavy  mirage  calls  for  higher  elevation.  A  heavy  mirage 
causes  a  wavy  appearance  of  the  target,  making  the  target  to 
appear  to  dance  up  and  down,  thus  making  its  lower  edge  appear 

108 


lower  than  it  really  is,  and  consequently  when  the  sight  is  held 
under  the  objective,  higher  elevation  is  required.  At  1000  yards 
the  additional  elevation  required  is  sometimes  as  much  as  25  yards 
or  2  or  3  minutes  on  the  micrometer. 

When  the  wind  is  fishtailing  the  mirage  changes  direction, 
that  is,  sometimes  moves  to  the  right,  and  sometimes  to  the  left. 
When  there  is  no  movement  to  the  right  or  left,  the  wind  is 
either  still  for  the  moment  or  the  wind  is  carrying  the  mirage 
directly  towards  or  from  the  target.  The  mirage  then  appears  to 
rise,  and  is  said  to  be  "boiling."  Try  to  avoid  shooting  in  a  "boil," 
for  this  is  when  elevations  are  more  disturbed  and  you  are  liable 
to  get  a  miss  (below  the  target).  The  mirage  "boils"  just  as  it 
changes  direction  from  right  to  left  or  from  left  to  right.  Wait 
for  the  mirage  to  take  a  movement  to  the  right  or  left;  it  never 
"boils"  long.  If  you  get  one  of  the  misses  described  above,  don't 
get  excited  and  begin  to  make  changes  but  watch  the  mirage 
and  be  careful  to  avoid  the  "boil"  the  next  time.  This  accounts 
for  some  of  the  misses  which  inexperienced  shooters  are  apt  to 
call  "unaccountables"  and  for  which  they  blame  the  ammunition, 
or  something  else  beside  the  true  cause. 

When  a  pair  are  shooting  together  they  should  watch  the 
mirage  and  coach  each  other. 

A  light  mirage  which  is  not  in  a  "boil"  does  not  appreciably 
affect  elevation. 

Light.  A  change  in  conditions  from  bright  light,  (sunshine), 
or  dull  light,  (cloudy),  requires  changes  in  both  elevation  and 
windage. 

109 


If  you  are  shooting  in  a  dull  light  and  the  sun  comes  out,  your 
shots  will  then  strike  low,  and  if  the  sun  is  to  the  right  your  shots 
will  also  strike  to  the  left,  or,  if  the  sun  is  to  the  left  your  shots 
will  also  strike  to  the  right. 

The  effect  of  light  must  therefore  be  compensated  for,  and 
the  rule  is  to  move  your  sight  into  the  sun  both  for  elevation  and 
windage.  In  other  words  if  shooting  in  a  dull  light  and  the  sun 
comes  out  raise  your  elevation  and  move  the  windage  to  the  right 
if  the  sun  is  to  the  right  or  to  the  left  if  the  sun  is  to  the  left. 

The  amount  of  change  to  make  for  sunlight  has  been  found 
by  practical  experience  to  be  from  *4  to  H  point  on  wind-gauge 
and  about  25  yards  in  elevation. 

A  good  plan  for  mid  and  long  range  slow  fire  when  shooting 
in  changing  lights  is  to  wait  as  much  as  possible  and  try  to  fire 
your  shots  under  the  same  light  conditions. 

Do  not  concern  yourself  with  the  question  of  dull  targets  and 
bright  sights  or  dull  sights  and  bright  targets  unless  you  are  in  an 
investigative  turn  of  mind  and  wish  to  do  some  experimenting  at 
the  expense  of  your  score.  A  cloud  never  hangs  steady  so  as  to 
shade  only  a  part  of  the  range  for  any  great  length  of  time.  Wait 
for  a  uniform  condition  either  bright  or  cloudy  and  remember  the 
general  rule:  dull  lights,  lower  elevations;  bright  lights,  higher 
elevations  and  move  wind-guage  into  the  sun. 

The  best  condition  for  shooting  to  determine  the  zero  of  a 
rifle  is  a  dull  light  or  cloudy  day;  five  hundred  yards  is  the  best 
range  for  determining  the  zero;  at  shorter  ranges  a  change  of  a 
quarter  of  a  point  gives  too  small  a  change  (at  200  yards  it  is  only 
two  inches)  on  the  target  and  at  ranges  longer  than  500  yards  the 
trajectory  begins  to  get  unsteady  and  unreliable. 

110 


Bear  the  sun  rule  in  mind  and  you  will  not  accuse  your  rifle 
of  changing  its  zero  so  often. 

In  using  battle  sights  you  must  hold  higher  in  bright  light 
than  in  dull  light,  and  when  you  "sight  in"  for  skirmish  or  rapid 
lire  remember  and  note  in  score  book  whether  the  light  was  bright 
or  dull. 

Strong  eyes  require  less  change  for  light  and  some  men  have 
eyes  strong  enough  not  to  be  disturbed  by  change  of  light 

Different  opinions  from  those  stated  in  regard  to  mirage  and 
light  are  held  by  some  but  ample  experience  has  thoroughly  con- 
firmed the  statements  given  here. 

The  experience  of  good  shooters  is  that  for  all  conditions 
affecting  elevations,  there  is  rarely  a  difference  even  at  1000  yards 
of  over  50  yards  or  5  minutes  on  the  micrometer,  between  the  aver- 
age elevation  used  and  the  highest  or  lowest  elevation  for  any  rifle. 
Do  not  get  the  idea  that  these  conditions  are  going  to  puzzle  you 
seriously,  because  with  your  average  elevation  at  any  range  you 
ought  almost  always  to  hit  the  target  with  your  first  shot,  and  you 
can  then  make  necessary  changes  to  bring  your  shot  into  the  bull's- 
eye.  Your  sighting  shots  will  enable  you  to  start  your  record 
string  off  good. 


FINDING  THE  TARGET. 

If  the  target  is  not  hit  by  the  first  shot,  the  trouble  is  prob- 
ably in  elevation,  because  any  error  in  estimating  the  windage 
should  not  be  sufficient  to  carry  your  shot  off  the  target.  To  find  the 
target,  make  changes  in  elevation  of  50  yards  at  a  time,  first  down 

111 


and  then  up,  because  if  the  shots  have  struck  just  a  little  low, 
you  will  probably  have  seen  a  splash  of  dirt,  and  the  chances 
are  that  your  shot  went  high.  Often  misses  are  the  result  of 
neglecting  to  set  the  sight,  or  of  the  sight  slipping  down.  First 
examine  your  sight  and  see  that  the  windage  has  been  set  on 
the  correct  side,  and  then  if  you  have  made  no  mistake  you 
should  begin  by  coming  down  50  yards,  then  if  you  miss  again 
come  up  50  yards  from  the  original  elevation,  and  so  on  until 
you  find  the  target.  If  you  change  more  than  50  yards  at  1000 
yards  you  are  liable  to  jump  the  target. 

Telescope:  A  telescope  is  needed  for  mid  and  long  range 
shooting.  The  telescope  is  placed  on  a  rest  so  that  you  can  easily 
place  the  eye  to  the  telescope  while  watching  the  mirage,  and  just 
after  shooting  so  that  you  can  see  your  spotter  (shot  marks).  A  camp 
stool  upside  down  is  a  fine  telescope  rest.  You  cannot  see  the  spot- 
ters with  the  naked  eye  at  long  range,  and  they  are  often  hard  to 
see  at  mid  range.  Every  butts  should  be  provided  with  spotters  which 
are  placed  in  the  shot  holes  to  show  the  exact  location  of  the  hit. 
The  plan  of  putting  the  marking  disk  over  the  hit,  and  not  using 
a  spotter  is  not  accurate  enough  as  the  markers  are  often  care- 
less, and  the  shooter  may  not  see  the  disk.  The  spotter  shows 
the  location  of  the  hit  accurately,  and  the  shooter  can  look  at  it 
at  his  convenience.  Spotters  are  easily  made,  and  their  use 
should  never  be  dispensed  with  in  slow  fire. 


112 


REMARKS  ON  METHODS  OF  INSTRUCTION. 

Before  a  man  goes  on  the  range  to  fire  three  things  are 
absolutely  necessary.  He  must  know, 

(1)  How  to  set  the  sight. 

(2)  How  to  sight  or  aim. 

(3)  How   to    hold   the   rifle   in   all   positions   and   the   general 
principles  for  all  shooting,  such  as  not  canting  the  rifle,  squeezing 
the  trigger,  etc. 

If  he  does  not  know  these  things  it  is  worse  than  useless  for 
him  to  fire.  He  will  not  improve  and  the  more  he  shoots  the  worse 
he  will  shoot  and  it  will  become  more  difficult  to  teach  him. 

It  is  not  sufficient  to  merely  tell  him  or  show  him  these  things, 
he  must  be  required  to  do  them  himself  and  to  show  his  instructor 
that  he  thoroughly  understands  them. 

Thoroughness  in  the  instruction  of  riflemen  is  absolutely 
necessary  and  while  it  may  all  seem  simple  after  it  has  been 
learned,  it  is  a  mistake  to  presume  that  the  inexperienced  man 
knows  anything  about  the  rifle  or  how  to  use  it. 

The  other  stages  of  a  man's  instruction  though  not  as  import- 
ant as  the  above  are  nevertheless  very  important,  they  are: 

(4)  A  knowledge  of  the  names  of  the  parts  of  a  rifle  and  how 
to   work   them   and   especially   how   to   remove    and   dismount    the 
bolt. 

(5)  How  to  clean  and  take  care  of  the  rifle. 

(6)  The  course  to  be  fired,  the  kinds  of  fire,  the  number  of 

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shots,    the    targets    used,    positions,    time    limits,    requirements    for 
qualification,   etc. 

(7)  The  names  and  dimensions  of  targets.     For  what  kinds  of 
fire  and  at  what  ranges  the  various  targets  are  used.  The  value  of 
hits,  etc. 

(8)  O'clock  of  hits  and  winds. 

(9)  Marking  and  scoring. 

(10)  The  zero  of  the  rifle. 

(11)  The  meaning  of  the  elevation  and  windage  marks  on  the 
diagram  targets  in  the  score  book,  that  is,  the  effect  on  the  target 
of  changes  of  the  sight;  also  how  to  keep  the  score  book. 

(12)  How  to  behave  on   the  range. 

All  of  this  instruction  can  be  given  before  the  men  arrive  at 
ranges  and  in  order  that  the  maximum  amount  of  work  on  the 
range  may  be  done  and  that  men  be  removed  from  their  stations 
and  duties  the  minimum  amount  of  time,  the  duties  of  the  range 
personnel  should  be  to  examine  the  men  and  to  permit  to  fire 
without  delay,  those  men  who  have  been  previously  instructed,  to 
detain  those  men  not  previously  instructed  and  to  provide 
coaches  to  see  that  men  as  they  fire  do  not  neglect  the  instruction 
received. 

Some  remarks  on  the  different  stages  of  instruction  follow: 

(1)  Sight  Setting  (Part  I,  page  19). 

Simple  .as  this  may  seem  men  do  not  know  it  intuitively. 
Frequently  men  are  found  who  have  fired  a  season's  practice  and 
are  still  unable  to  set  the  sights. 

The  following  method  thoroughly  done  will  "qualify"  a  man 
in  sight  setting: 

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Take  all  the  men  you  have,  select  several  of  them  as  assist- 
ants; as  the  sight  is  set  each  time,  first  inspect  the  sight  of  the 
assistants  then  cause  the  men  to  pass  through  the  line  of  assistants 
and  have  their  sights  inspected. 

Have  the  peep  sight  set  at  a  number  of  different  ranges,  as: 
600,  200,  1000,  250,  575,  625,  850,  975,  1125,  1275;  set  battle  sight 
(see  that  the  slide  is  moved  to  the  bottom  leaf) ;  give  several  set- 
tings for  upper  open  sight  and  triangle  open  sight,  have  wind-gauge 
set  at  zero;  1  right;  2  left;  \l/2  right;  34  left;  2%  right. 

Now  explain  that  being  at  2%  right  you  wish  the  wind-gauge 
moved  toward  the  right  the  amount  of  fa  of  a  point  (ans.  3  right) : 

Move    y-2  left (ans.  2^  right) 

Move    fa  left (ans.  I  fa  right) 

Move  \y2  left (ans.    ^  left) 

Move    y-2  left (ans.    fa  left) 

Move    fa  left (ans.  \l/2  left) 

Move  1 y2  right (ans.  zero) 

Have  peep  sight  set  at  550  yds.,  raise  50  yds.  (ans.  600);  raise 
125  yds.  (ans.  725);  lower  50  yds.  (ans.  675);  raise  75  yds.  (ans. 
750);  lower  150  yds.  (ans.  600). 

Indicate  the  place  where  you  are  standing  as  the  firing  line 
and  some  other  object  as  the  target,  then  indicate  a  direction 
from  which  the  wind  is  supposed  to  come;  the  wind-gauge  being 
at  zero  require  the  men  to  put  on  \l/2  points  for  the  indicated 
wind;  see  that  they  set  it  on  the  correct  side.  Have  sight  set  at 
zero  again,  indicate  several  other  directions  of  wind  and  each 
time  see  that  men  put  the  windage  given  on  the  correct  side. 

115 


Use  a  target  or  something  to  represent  a  target  with  bull's- 
eye,  starting  with  the  wind-gauge  at  zero,  indicate  a  point  to  the 
right  of  the  bull's-eye,  have  men  correct  one  point  for  it  (ans.  1 
left),  being  at  one  left,  indicate  a  point  to  the  right  of  the  bull's-eye 
and  call  for  a  correction  of  ^  for  it  (ans.  1^4  left),  indicate  a 
point  to  the  left,  require  correction  of  \l/2  points  (ans.  J4  le^)» 
indicate  a  point  to  the  left  of  the  bull's-eye,  require  a  correction 
of  24  (ans.  y2  right),  indicate  a  point  to  the  right,  require  a  cor- 
rection of  one  point  (ans.  y2  left),  indicate  a  point  to  the  ri£  ht, 
require  correction  of  */2  point  (ans.  zero). 

Starting  with  the  sights  at  600,  indicate  a  point  above  the 
bull's-eye,  change  50  yds.  (ans.  550);  indicate  a  point  below  the 
bull's-eye,  change  75  yds.  (ans.  625). 

Continue  exercise  by  indicating  points  requiring  correction  in 
both  elevation  and  windage  and  have  correction  applied  each  time 
to  the  last  sight  settings. 

If  you  have  used  an  actual  sized  target  for  your  examples  you 
will  have  incidentally  conveyed  some  idea  of  the  value  of  changes 
on  the  target. 

(2)  The  Sighting  Drills  (Part  I,  pages  19-22). 
Instructors  will  find  the  sighting  drill  methods  on  pages  23  to 
35,  Provisional  Small  Arms  Manual,  U.  S.  Army,  1909,  to  be  tedious. 
It  is  sufficient  to  explain  and  demonstrate  the  sight,  peep  and  open, 
and  then  cause  the  man  to  take  the  rifle,  rest  it  on  something,  and 
show  you  that  he  understands  it.  A  box  with  a  barracks  pillow 
on  it  makes  an  excellent  rest  for  the  rifle.  This  instruction  has  for 
its  object  only  to  teach  how  to  sight,  and  to  continue  the  exercises 

116 


by  making  the  triangle  of  sights,  etc.,  is  a  strain  on  the  eye  and  a 
waste  of  time  and  effort.  Avoid  any  reference  to  the  fine  sight 
and  full  sight  in  instructing  men.  They  only  confuse  the  men 
and  give  them  wrong  ideas.  There  is  only  one  open  sight,  that  is 
the  sight  known  as  the  half  sight.  The  other  sights  are  improper, 
and  even  the  use  of  the  word  "half-sight"  should  be  abandoned; 
speak  of  it  as  the  open  sight. 

Ask  a  few  questions  like  the  following  to  assure  yourself  that 
the  man  knows  what  has  been  explained  and  to  impress  it  on  his 
mind: 

In  using  the  peep  sight  do  you  aim  at  middle  or  bottom  of 
bull's-eye?  Do  you  aim  so  that  the  bull's-eye  is  in  the  center  of 
the  peep?  What  then  is  held  in  the  center  of  the  peep? 

With  the  battle  sight  do  you  always  aim  directly  at  the  object 
you  wish  to  hit?  Where  do  you  generally  aim,  above  it  or  below 
it?  How  do  you  find  out  where  to  aim  with  the  battle  sight? 
Answer:  By  firing  each  rifle  several  shots  at  each  range  until  you 
find  how  far  below  the  object  you  must  aim.  This  is  called 
"Sighting  in." 

Name  several  things  used  for  blackening  the  sight. 

(3)  Position  and  Aiming  Drills  (Part  I,  pages  23-37). 
Instead  of  using  the  methods  of  the  position  and  aiming  drill, 
pages  26  to  48,  Provisional  Small  Arms  Manual,  1909,  more  satis- 
factory results  can  be  more  quickly  obtained  by  taking  them  indi- 
vidually and  putting  them  into  each  position.  They  will  resist  it  at 
first.  Firm  persistence  is  required,  especially  for  the  prone  posi- 
tion. Men  should  be  taught  these  positions  and  practiced  exten- 

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sively  in  them  before  they  come  to  the  range.  This  instruction  unlike 
the  sighting  drill  should  be  practiced  frequently  so  that  men  will  be 
habituated  to  the  positions.  There  is  no  better  way  than  simply 
snapping  to  simulate  range  practice,  squeezing  the  trigger  carefully, 
and  calling  the  shot  each  time.  Careless  snapping  has  no  value  other 
than  a  muscular  exercise.  There  cannot  be  too  much  snapping  even 
for  the  most  expert  rifleman.  Snapping  carefully  is  even  better 
practice,  so  far  as  holding  is  concerned,  than  actual  firing,  because 
any  derangement  of  the  aim  is  more  easily  noticed  after  the  trigger 
has  been  squeezed  if  the  rifle  has  not  been  loaded.  Each  barracks 
should  have  a  snapping  range  of  a  distance  of  as  near  200  yards  as 
possible  with  a  bull's-eye  target  (target  A),  and  a  skirmish  and  rapid 
fire  target  (target  D),  permanently  painted  on  a  board,  targets 
actual  size,  and  the  board  permanently  fixed  somewhere  on  the 
grounds.  These  targets  could  profitably  contain  other  information, 
for  the  instruction  of  men.  Snapping  could  then  be  done  at  200 
yards  in  all  positions,  and  both  slow  and  rapid  fire  and  even  the 
skirmish  run  could  be  simulated;  the  skirmish  by  advancing  50 
yards,  and  then  returning  at  double  time,  the  incidents  of  the 
skirmish  being  explained  at  the  time.  The  details  of  the  skirmish 
are  confusing  to  beginners,  and  they  can  be  learned  very  easily  thus 
on  a  200  yard  snapping  range,  or  even  on  a  shorter  one.  The 
skirmish  seems  to  be  the  stumbling  block  for  men  on  the  range. 
The  following  plan  has  been  used  at  the  Marine  Corps  Rifle  Range, 
at  Winthrop,  Md.,  and  has  produced  good  results:  For  the  first 
instruction  run,  the  men  start  at  200  yards,  one  man  on  a  target 

118 


and  fire  the  course  slow  fire  fashion,  the  target  being  lowered  after 
each  shot  and  spotted  and  disked.  For  the  second  run  in  instruc- 
tion practice  begin  at  600  yards;  the  double  time  and  time  limit 
are  omitted,  the  targets  being  pulled,  after  all  have  finished,  and 
at  signal  from  the  firing  line,  otherwise  it  is  the  same  as  a  regular 
run.  The  elimination  of  the  double  time  makes  it  easy  to  explain 
the  incidents  of  the  skirmish  because  when  the  men  are  double 
timed  they  find  it  difficult  to  pay  attention  to  the  instructor.  In 
this  way  the  skirmish  is  taught  progressively  and  men  realize 
that  it  is  not  impossible  to  make  a  good  run  and  they  are  not  dis- 
couraged when  they  make  their  record  runs.  It  is  always  a  good 
plan  to  let  the  skirmishers  enter  the  butts,  and  see  their  hits  on 
the  targets.  They  are  interested  in  it,  and  if  this  is  done  each 
skirmish  run  ought  to  be  an  improvement  over  the  former  run. 
They  can  then  record  at  the  target  their  hits  in  the  score  book. 
The  score  book  is  of  such  size  that  it  can  easily  be  carried  in  the 
pocket. 

Ask  these  questions: 

What  is  the  proper  length  of  the  sling? 

Where  is  the  thumb  of  the  right  hand  held  in  aiming?     Why? 

In  the  prone  position  what  about  the  fingers  of  the  left  hand? 
Position  of  legs  and  heels?  Cheek  or  jaw?  When  aiming  where 
must  the  left  elbow  be?  Moving  the  right  elbow  outward  has  what 
effect  on  the  muzzle?  Should  the  butt  of  the  rifle  be  removed  from 
the  shoulder  to  reload  in  skirmish  or  rapid  fire? 

What  about  the  muscles  of  the  legs  in  the  sitting  position? 

What  is  the  position  of  the  elbows  in  the  sitting  position? 

What  is  the  position  of  the  left  elbow  in  the  kneeling  position? 

119 


What  effect  does  canting  the  rifle  have  on  the  bullet? 

How  should  the  trigger  be  let  off? 

What  is  meant  by  "Calling  the  Shot"? 

What  is  the  object  in  requiring  men  to  call  the  shot? 

(4)  Parts  of  the  Rifle  (Part  I,  page  3). 

It  is  a  fact  that  sometimes  men  are  found  who  do  not  know 
what  the  muzzle  of  the  rifle  is.  Much  of  the  talk  about  rifles  is 
wasted  upon  a  man  if  he  does  not  understand  the  meaning  of  the 
words  you  use. 

The  subject  can  be  speedily  and  thoroughly  handled  by:  (1) 
Pointing  out  and  explaining  each  part  and  its  use,  removing,  dis- 
mounting and  re-assembling  the  bolt  and  removing  floor  plate,  etc. 
(2)  Cause  the  men  to  point  out  the  parts  as  you  name  them.  (3) 
Cause  the  men  to  name  the  parts  as  you  point  to  them.  (4)  Cause 
them  to  remove,  dismount  and  re-assemble  bolt,  remove  floor  plate, 
etc. 

(5)  The  Care  and  Cleaning  of  the  Rifle  (Part  I,  pages  4-6). 

On  well  conducted  ranges  there  should  be  a  man  stationed 
at  the  cleaning  rack  to  supervise  cleaning,  supply  material,  etc. 

What  is  not  inspected  is  neglected  and  the  system  should 
provide  for  inspection  before  the  rifle  is  laid  aside  for  the  day, 
and  for  daily  inspection  for  several  days  after  firing  is  completed, 
because  the  bore  continues  to  "sweat"  for  several  days  after  being 
fired. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  clean  between  strings  during  the  day. 
Cleaning  after  the  day's  shooting  is  over  is  sufficient. 

120 


If  properly  taken  care  of,  the  shooting  qualities  of  a  rifle  im- 
proves the  more  the  rifle  is  used  up  to  several  thousand  rounds. 

When  the  rifle  is  first  put  into  a  man's  hands  it  should  be  im- 
pressed upon  him  that  the  muzzle  is  the  most  important  and 
delicate  part,  and  under  no  circumstances  must  he  ever  clean  from 
the  muzzle  end.  If  he  should  injure  any  other  part  of  the  rifle, 
new  spare  parts  can  be  used,  but  to  injure  the  muzzle  absolutely 
destroys  the  accuracy  of  the  rifle. 

(6)  The  Course  to  Be  Fired  (Part  I,  pages  7,  8). 

Familiarity  with  the  work  to  be  done  brings  interest  into  it. 

Ask  these  questions:  What  army  course  do  marines  fire? 
Who  shoots  the  sharpshooter's  course?  The  expert's  test?  How 
often  do  marines  fire  these  courses  for  record?  With  what  course 
does  a  qualified  man  re-enlisting  from  Marine  Corps  or  Army 
begin  his  target  practice?  What  course  is  fired  for  prize  com- 
petitions? How  many  kinds  of  prize  competitions  are  there?  De- 
scribe individual  competition.  Post  competition.  Inter-post  com- 
petitions. On  what  courses  do  men  draw  extra  pay?  How  much? 
How  long? 

Army  Marksmen's  Course.     How  many  kinds  of  fire? 

Slow  Fire.  What  ranges?  Position  at  each  range?  Kinds 
of  sight  used?  (Men  should  be  required  to  use  the  peep  sight  for 
slow  fire  and  whenever  the  battle  sight  is  not  required.)  How 
many  shots  at  each  range?  What  targets  used  at  each  range? 

Rapid  Fire.  What  ranges?  Number  of  shots?  What  time 
limit?  What  targets  used?  What  hits  count  at  rapid  fire?  Position 
at  each  range?  When  is  bayonet  used?  Kind  of  sight  required? 

121 


Skirmish.  How  many  runs?  How  many  shots  on  each  run? 
Position  used  at  each  range?  (Ans.  prone.)  What  ranges?  Num- 
ber of  shots  at  each  range?  Time  limit  at  each  range?  How  long 
is  the  target  down  between  ranges?  What  target  is  used?  What 
hits  count  in  skirmish?  What  sight  is  used  at  600?  (Ans.  peep.) 
At  the  other  skirmish  ranges? 

How  many  shots  in  an  entire  marksman's  course?  What  is 
the  highest  possible  score?  Score  necessary  to  qualify  as  marks- 
man? What  advantage  is  it  to  have  25  extra  points?  Is  the  first 
time  your  record  firing? 

Sharpshooter's  Course.  Ask  similar  questions  as  under  marks- 
man's course,  leaving  out  skirmish. 

Expert  Rifleman's  Test.  What  ranges?  Kinds  of  firing  at  each 
range?  Position  at  each  range?  Number  of  shots  at  each  range? 
Time  limit  at  each  range?  Kind  of  target  at  each  range?  Describe 
and  tell  how  to  rig  up  and  operate  moving  targets.  Bobbing 
targets.  Falling  targets.  Target  used  at  600  yards.  What  about 
the  wind-gauge  at  200  and  300  yards?  Is  this  true  at  the  other 
ranges?  What  score  is  necessary  to  be  able  to  qualify. 

(7)  Names  and  Dimensions  of  Targets  (Part  I,  pages  10-12). 

What  is  the  height  of  all  rectangular  targets? 

Width  of  target  A?     B?     C?     D? 

Diameter   of  bull's-eye  target   A?   B?   C? 

Width  of  average  space  between  rings  of  all  slow-fire  targets? 

How  wide  are  the  outside  wings  of  the  C  target? 

What  are  the  two  short  ranges?     Mid-ranges?     Long  ranges? 

What  target  is  used  for  slow-fire  short  ranges?  Mid-ranges? 
Long  Ranges?  Rapid-fire?  Skirmish? 

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What  hits  count  in  rapid-fire?     Skirmish? 
Describe  collective   fire  target. 

(8)  O'Clock  of  Hits  and  Winds  (Part  I,  pages  14,  15). 
The  best  way  to  teach  o'clock  of  hits  is  to  use  something 
representing  a  target  and  to  mark  different  locations  representing 
all  the  different  o'clocks,  and  expressions  and  require  the  men  to 
designate  them-.  Drill  men  a  little  in  o'clock  of  winds  by  indicating 
some  distant  object  as  representing  the  target  and  indicating  differ- 
ent directions  for  the  wind. 

(9)  Marking  and  Scoring  (Part  I,  pages  16-18). 

Ask  these  questions: 

What  color  of  disk  represents  a  five?  Four?  Three?  Two? 
How  is  a  miss  signalled?  What  value  is  given  to  a  shot  hole  just 
touching  the  outside  of  the  bull's-eye  or  any  ring  or  edge  of  a 
silhouette?  In  skirmish  how  can  the  firer  tell  when  he  reaches 
the  target  at  what  range  each  hit  was  made?  How  are  the  hits  at 
350  yards  marked?  In  rapid-fire  which  hits  are  disked  first?  What 
precautions  must  be  taken  before  men  in  the  butts  can  safely 
expose  themselves?  In  scoring  how  does  the  scorer  announce  the 
value  of  hits?  What  score  is  recorded  when  a  man  makes  a  hit  on 
the  wrong  target?  When  a  buzzer  is  provided  for  each  target  what 
care  must  the  scorer  take?  Answer:  He  should  not  press  the 
buzzer  until  the  marker  has  had  time  to  pull  the  target  without  the 
buzzer  being  used.  At  long  range  the  target  is  sometimes  pulled 
before  the  bullet  has  time  to  reach  it. 

Note. — Single  targets,  that  is  only  one  target  on  each  carrier, 

123 


are  much  preferable  in  every  respect  to  double  targets.  If  a  weight 
is  necessary  to  counterbalance  the  carrier  and  nothing  else  is 
available  the  other  target  can  be  placed  in  the  carrier  faced  to  the 
rear  and  serve  as  a  counterbalance. 

Single  targets  are  faster  than  double  targets  even  when  men 
are  shooting  in  pairs  because  a  man  gets  his  spotter  at  once  and 
no  time  will  be  lost  in  changing  sights.  They  are  simpler  and  render 
messages  from  the  firing  line  to  butts  less  confusing.  They  are 
easier  on  the  markers. 

(10)  The  Zero  of  the  Rifle  (Part  I,  page  38). 
When  there  is  no  wind  can  the  wind-gauge  of  all  rifles  be  set 
at  zero  for  accurate  shooting?  Suppose  the  conditions  require  no 
windage  for  a  rifle  whose  zero  is  zero — and  you  find  that  you  have 
to  use  ^2  point  right  windage,  what  would  be  the  zero  of  that  rifle? 
With  a  rifle  whose  zero  is  y2  right  how  would  you  set  the  wind- 
gauge  when  other  conditions  called  for  ^  point  right?  (Ans. 
1  point  right.)  For  ft  left?  (Ans.  #  left.)  For  #  left?  (Ans. 
*4  right.)  Suppose  your  coach  told  you  that  conditions  called  for 
?4  point  left,  but  you  found  that  with  your  rifle  you  had  to  use  $£ 
left,  what  would  be  the  zero  of  your  rifle?  (Ans.  ^2  left.)  Suppose 
conditions  called  for  y^  right  and  you  had  to  use  J4  le^>  what  would 
be  the  zero  of  your  rifle?  (Ans.  ^  left.)  Will  failure  to  know  the  zero 
of  the  rifle  spoil  a  slow-fire  score  when  conditions  are  steady?  (Ans. 
No.)  Why?  (Ans.  Because  the  firer  can  correct  the  windage  after  he 
hits  the  target  with  the  sighting  shots.)  Are  windage  and  elevation 
usually  responsible  for  poor  scores  at  off-hand  (standing)  shooting? 
(Ans.  No.  Not  holding  steady  is  the  trouble  here.)  What  is  the 

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best  range  to  find  out  the  zero  of  the  rifle?  What  is  the  zero  of 
most  rifles?  (Note. — It  is  not  a  good  plan  to  teach  beginners  very 
many  things  that  are  not  simple.  It  is  failure  to  do  the  simple 
things  which  produces  poor  results  with  beginners.  The  zero  of 
the  rifle  is  mentioned  in  Part  I  only  to  prevent  beginners  whose 
rifles  had  a  considerable  zero  from  losing  faith  in  his  instruction. 
Coaches  should  help  each  individual  to  find  the  zero  of  his  rifle  and 
avoid  introducing,  at  first,  too  many  things  to  bewilder  the  in- 
experienced man.  The  necessary  details  thoroughly  taught  are 
die  real  important  things  in  the  training  of  the  beginner.) 

(11)  Meaning  of  the  Elevation  and  Windage  Marks  on  the  Diagram 
Targets  and  How  to  Keep  the  Score  B,ook  (Part  I, 
pages  39-43). 

When  you're  firing  at  600  yards,  for  example,  is  the  sight 
always  set  at  600?  Look  at  a  600-yard  diagram,  target  page,  and 
tell  how  much  change  of  elevation  is  necessary  to  bring  a  bullet 
from  the  top  or  bottom  of  the  target  to  the  middle  of  the  target. 
Do  same  for  500,  800  and  1000. 

How  much  change  in  wind-gauge  is  necessary  to.  bring  a 
bullet  from  the  edge  to  the  middle  of  target  at  200  yards?  300 
yards?  500  yards?  600  yards?  (Ask  a  number  of  questions  such 
as  these.)  Firing  at  600  yards.  Your  sight  is  set  at  575  yards. 
You  are  making  threes  at  12  o'clock.  How  should  you  change  your 
elevation?  Your  wind-gauge  is  at  zero  and  you  are  making  fours 
close  in  3  o'clock.  How  should  you  change  your  wind-gauge? 
Give  several  such  examples,  also  examples  involving  changes  in 
both  elevation  and  windage  using  diagram  targets  for  different 

125 


ranges.  Men  should  now  be  given  an  exercise  in  keeping  the  score 
book.  Give  them  the  data  orally  and  require  them  to  fill  it  in. 
The  data  given  should  be  consistent,  and  when  you  designate 
the  location  of  each  shot  let  the  men  decide  and  announce  to  you 
what  changes  in  elevation  and  windage  they  are  going  to  record. 
Their  work  should  be  carefully  inspected  and  corrected  for  them 
and  the  exercise  repeated  at  other  times  for  those  whose  work  is 
not  approved  sufficiently  to  "qualify"  them. 

While  firing  on  the  range  men  should  always  be  required  to 
keep  the  score  book  accurately  because  this  cultivates  the  habit 
of  taking  pains  and  the  power  of  observation,  two  things  that 
are  absolutely  necessary  to  a  skilful  rifleman. 

Men  will  neglect  to  keep  the  score  book  unless  it  is  inspected 
after  each  string. 

(12)   How  to  Behave  on  the  Range. 

(Important  Range  Rules,  Part  I,  pages  36,  37.) 
Beginners  will  neglect   to  blacken   the   sights  unless  they  are 
inspected.     Inspect  rifles  and  cause  men  to  show  their  score  books 
and  pencils,  and  see  that  right  shoulders  and  elbows  are  properly 
padded. 

On  each  range  announce  what  change  a  quarter  of  a  point  of 
windage,  and  25  yards  of  elevation  will  give  on  a  target.  Then 
announce  what  windage  the  conditions  call  for.  Encourage  men 
waiting  to  fire  to  get  abreast  of  the  firers  and  practice  snapping — 
(except  in  matches). 

When  there  are  large  numbers  of  inexperienced  men  on  ranges 
it  is  a  safe  plan  to  require  the  bolt  to  be  kept  open,  but  when 

126 


there  are  experienced  coaches  and  the  men  are  well  in  hand  this 
is  objectionable  because  dust  and  grit  enters  the  mechanism  and 
the  chamber.  "Calling  the  Shot"  is  important.  Men  will  neglect 
to  do  it  unless  persistently  reminded  of  it.  Let  the  scorer  remind 
them  if  there  is  not  a  coach  at  each  firing  point. 

Experience  has  proven  that  the  best  results  are  obtained  with 
men  shooting  singly  and  not  in  pairs.  This  method  is  quite  as  fast, 
less  confusion  arises,  men  are  better  coached,  it  is  less  tiresome 
and  more  pleasant  for  the  firer. 

A  6  ft.  x  6  ft.  black  board  with  a  white  bull's-eye  and  the 
rings  like  the  B  target  is  extremely  useful  in  giving  the  course  of 
instruction  outlined  in  this  book. 


127 


GALLERY  PRACTICE. 

Gallery  practice  is  a  continuation  of  the  preliminary  training  of  hold- 
ing1 and  aiming1.  It  is  the  stage  in  the  progressive  course  between  the 
position  drills  and  the  range  practice  with  the  service  cartridge. 

The  interest  of  men  under  instruction  soon  diminishes  with  no  other 
stimulant  than  simulated  fire  or  snapping.  The  possibility  of  recording 
results  of  instruction  by  the  hit  carries  the  interest  further.  It  incites 
competition  and  exposes  inattention.  It  gives  the  instructor  further  oppor- 
tunity to  observe  the  individual  and  to  correct  his  faults  in  detail.  It 
records  certain  faults  such  an  an  incorrect  understanding  of  the  line  of 
sight,  canting  the  rifle,  faulty  trigger  squeeze,  and  should  serve  as  a  final 
test  of  preparation  for  the  range,  for  certainly  men  who  are  not  able 
to  hit  under  the  easy  conditions  of  the  gallery  will  not  do  so  on  the 
range.  Men  who  have  not  yet  learned  the  elementary  principles  necessary 
to  qualify  in  the  gallery  will  not  improve  during  range  practice.  Their 
advancement  is  liable  to  be  delayed  because  not  knowing  how  to  hold 
they  may  become  gun  shy  and  discouraged  in  their  work  by  their  failure 
to  make  good  hits. 

Careless  gallery  practice  does  no  good.  In  fact  it  may  do  injury  for 
with  the  lack  of  recoil  in  the  reduced  charges  men  may  acquire  habits  of 
holding  which  are  all  right  for  the  reduced  charge,  but  which  will  be 
faulty  and  make  them  gun  shy  when  they  advance  to  the  service  load. 
All  gallery  practice  should  be  under  a  competent  instructor  at  each  target 
who  must  be  sure  that  careless  habits  of  holding  will  not  be  formed. 

Gallery  practice  having  for  its  object  only  a  means  of  teaching  the 
elementary  principles,  nothing  is  gained  by  requiring  it  to  be  done  at 
more  than  one  distance.  Fifty  feet  is  the  maximum  distance  at  which 
the  hit  is  plainly  visible  to  the  firer.  Practice  at  longer  distances  intro- 

128 


duces  inconveniences  and  delays  without  offering:  any  benefit  In  return. 
All  the  different  positions  and  holds  can  be  practiced  from  one  point 
quite  as  well  as  from  several.  The  sights  of  each  rifle  should  be  cor- 
rectly set  and  tested  by  the  instructor  so  that  the  hit  will  be  in  the 
bull's  eye. 

In  the  Marine  Corps,  grallery  practice  is  not  taken  into  account  in 
deciding1  range  qualification.  It  is  regarded  as  a  preliminary  instruction, 
and  the  course  and  the  methods  to  be  used  are  left  to  the  discretion  of 
the  commanding  officer  or  officer  charged  with  the  preparation  of  the  men 
for  the  range.  The  course  should  include  firing  in  all  positions  at  fifty 
feet,  and  the  necessary  score  for  gallery  qualification  should  depend  on 
the  size  of  the  target,  and  men  who  have  never  qualified  as  marksmen 
should  never  be  sent  to  a  range  for  practice  until  they  have  exhibited 
the  thoroughness  of  their  preliminary  training  by  qualifying  in  the  gallery. 

Gallery  practice  in  turn  becomes  tedious,  and  after  men  have  quali- 
fied in  the  gallery,  and  men  who  are  marksmen,  may  well  be  excused  from 
practice  unless  the  interest  is  sustained  by  competitions  or  by  other  means. 

A  gallery  strictly  speaking  is  an  indoor  short  range.  The  expression 
has  come  to  include  outdoor  short  ranges.  In  fact  in  good  weather  an 
outdoor  gallery  is  quite  as  good  as  an  indoor  gallery.  It  is  desirable  but 
not  necessary  to  have  it  in  the  lee  of  a  building  or  fence,  and  to  have  it 
in  a  shady  locality,  such  as  on  the  north  side  of  a  building.  The  con- 
struction of  a  gallery  it  is  a  very  simple  matter.  It  simply  means  putting 
up  an  iron  or  paper  target  in  a  safe  place.  If  a  bullet  stop  is  desirable 
a  suitable  one  may  be  made  of  packing  boxes  filled  with  earth.  Iron 
targets  are  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster.  If  none  are  on  hand,  paper 
targets  may  be  used,  and  if  regular  targets  are  not  available,  they  may 
be  made  from  plain  paper. 

129 


REMOVAL  OF  METAL  FOULING. 

Formula  for  Ammonia  "Dope": 

Ammonia  persulphate  1  ounce 

Ammonia  carbonate  200  grains   (about  y^ 

ounce) 

Water  4  ounces 

Aqua  Ammonia  (Commercial  28%)       6  ounces 

Thoroughly  pulverize  the  ammonia  carbonate  crystals.  (A  wedge 
wood  mortar  and  pestle  is  usually  used  for  this.)  Then  place  the  car- 
bonate and  persulphate  in  a  12-ounce  glass  bottle  with  rubber  stop- 
per (ordinary  magnesia  bottles  obtainable  at  drug  stores)  and  add 
4  ounces  of  water  (the  bottle  is  now  a  little  over  1/3  full).  Shake 
until  all  crystals  are  dissolved.  The  persulphate  dissolves  readily, 
the  carbonate  slowly.  Then  add  6  ounces  of  aqua  ammonia,  almost 
filling  the  bottle,  and  keep  bottle  tightly  corked.  This  will  "dope" 
about  seven  rifles. 

A  rounded,  not  heaped,  table  spoon  or  haversack  spoon  of  the 
crystals  is  about  an  ounce. 

The  carbonate  and  persulphate  act  on  the  cupro-nickel  fouling 
and  dissolve  it,  coloring  the  "dope"  deep  blue.  They  will  also 
attack  the  steel  of  the  bore  unless  ammonia  gas  in  the  aqua  am- 
monia is  present. 

The  ammonia  gas  rapidly  escapes  unless  the  bottle  is  kept 
tightly  corked.  The  "dope"  becomes  stale  and  loses  the  ammonia 
gas  even  when  the  bottle  is  kept  over  night;  it  should  not  be  used 
after  it  has  been  mixed  several  days. 

180 


It  should  not  be  placed  in  a  hot  or  warm  barrel  because  the 
heat  drives  off  the  ammonia  gas.  When  not  convenient  to  wait 
for  the  barrel  to  cool  off,  it  can  be  cooled  by  pumping  cold  water 
back  and  forth  through  the  bore  by  means  of  a  cleaning  rod  and  rag. 

The  dope  should  not  be  allowed  to  remain  in  the  bore  over 
ten  minutes,  because  the  ammonia  gas  rapidly  escapes.  Five  min- 
utes is  long  enough,  and  then  if  fouling  has  not  disappeared  use 
fresh  "dope." 

Remember  that  if  the  ammonia  gas  is  not  present  in  the  "dope" 
by  reason  of  "dope"  being  stale,  or  put  in  a  warm  barrel  or  allowed 
to  remain  too  long  in  barrel,  the  barrel  will  be  instantly  ruined. 
The  steel  will  be  vigorously  attacked  and  eaten  out  by  the  carbonate 
and  persulphate. 

The  "dope"  should  be  made  and  its  use  supervised  by  a  careful, 
experienced  man.  Bottles  of  stale  "dope"  must  be  emptied  and  not 
left  carelessly  around.  It  should  not  be  mixed  in  larger  quantities 
than  the  12-ounce  bottles. 

To  put  it  in  bore,  place  a  No.  2  cork  in  the  chamber  stopping 
up  the  breech  end  of  the  barrel,  and  place  a  piece  of  <>£-inch  rubber 
tube  about  2  inches  long  over  the  muzzle.  Then  pour  in  "dope,"  be- 
ing careful  not  to  let  it  overflow.  After  pouring  "dope"  from  rifle,  be 
careful  to  thoroughly  clean  and  dry  the  bore  so  that  no  carbonate 
or  persulphate  will  adhere  to  the  steel.  Then  if  no  more  firing 
is  to  be  done  with  the  rifle  during  the  day,  oil  the  bore. 

If  the  "dope"  is  spilled  on  the  metal  parts  of  the  rifle,  remove 
it  immediately  and  oil,  otherwise  it  will  quickly  cause  rust. 

"Doping"  a  rifle  for  metal  fouling  also  removes  the  sticky  acid 
fouling. 

131 


TARBET  C.  (SINGLE.) 


132 


THE  SWINGING  (OR  PENDULUM)  TARGET. 

On  temporary  ranges  or  when  there  is  no  time  or  means  to 
instal  regular  target  carriers,  the  swinging  or  pendulum  target 
can  be  quickly  prepared  from  the  materials  usually  at  hand  and  with 
unskilled  labor.  Hammer,  saw  and  spades  are  all  the  tools  required, 
and  nails,  rope  (or  wire),  and  some  timber  from  woods  or  boards 
such  as  are  usually  found  nearby  in  any  locality  are  all  the  materials 
required.  A  party  of  men  can  put  up  the  target  described  in  a 
few  hours.  It  is  easy  of  operation,  fast  and  generally  satisfactory 
for  temporary  use.  Moreover,  it  never  gets  out  of  repair.  The 
ropes  (or  wire)  on  which  the  target  frame  is  suspended  are  some- 
times cut  by  a  bullet,  but  if  double  ropes  (or  wires),  each  pair  a 
few  inches  apart,  are  used  where  single  ropes  are  shown  in  the 
diagram,  this  cutting  of  one  of  them  will  not  interfere  with  the 
operation  of  the  target.  -  In  practice  a  rope  is  rarely  cut,  and  little 
inconvenience  is  experienced  from  this  cause. 

The  upright  posts  (P)  are  either  of  round  timber  cut  from  the 
woods,  or  they  may  be  4  in.  x  4  in.  scantling.  They  should  be  at 
least  25  feet  above  the  ground.  The  higher  they  are  the  more  easily 
the  target  is  operated.  Before  these  are  raised  cleats  should  be 
nailed  on  the  rear  side  of  one  of  them  to  facilitate  climbing  when 
it  is  necessary  to  fix  the  ropes.  These  posts  may  be  guyed  with 
wire  to  jniake  them  steadier,  but  if  planted  deep  enough  in  the 
ground,  it  is  not  necessary  to  guy  them.  These  posts  are  planted 
about  8  feet  apart. 

The  cross  bar  (C)  and  the  marking  board  (M)  should  be  fas- 
tened to  the  posts  before  they  are  raised,  The  cross  bar  niay  also 

133 


be  of  round  timber.  The  marking  board  is  an  unpainted  board  from 
6  feet  to  12  inches  wide. 

The  butt  should  be  about  16  feet  wide  and  8  feet  high.  It  is 
made  of  earth  revetted  with  either  poles  or  brush  or  with  boards 
preferably  2  inches  thick,  as  shown  in  the  diagram.  The  posts 
which  support  the  board  revettment  may  be  round  timber  and 
should  be  deeply  planted  in  the  ground.  At  the  top  of  the  butt 
the  earth  should  be  no  less  than  4  feet  thick.  The  sides  of  the 
butt  should  be  revetted.  Grain  bags  filled  with  earth  make  a  good 
revettment  for  the  sides. 

The  markers'  pit  (H)  should  be  about  18  inches  deep  so  that 
the  markers  may  use  the  surrounding  ground  as  a  seat.  In  the 
diagram  the  markers'  pit  is  8  feet  long  and  4  feet  wide;  this  gives 
a  margin  of  safety  behind  the  butt  of  4  feet  on  each  side.  Markers, 
although  allowed  to  sit  on  the  edge  of  the  pit,  should  be  cautioned 
not  to  step  outside  of  it  during  range  firing. 

The  guide  trench  (G)  is  a  narrow  trench  which  guides  the  target 
frame  as  it  swings  from  one  side  to  the  other,  and  keeps  the  ropes 
clear  of  the  upright  posts.  The  depth  of  the  trench  is  determined 
by  experiment  after  the  target  frame  is  attached  to  the  ropes.  Guide 
stakes  (E)  may  be  used  in  the  rear  in  addition  to  the  guide  trench. 

To  determine  proper  length  of  rope  place  the  target  in  the 
position  in  which  it  will  be  fired  upon,  then  fasten  the  ropes  to 
the  frame. 

The  target  is  pushed  out  and  held  in  place  by  a  man  standing 
at  (H),  in  the  middle  of  markers'  pit.  He  uses  a  stick  and  holds 

134 


one  end  of  it  while  the  other  end  is  held  in  place  by  a  stake  (S) 
driven  in  the  ground.  When  he  releases  the  target  it  swings  with 
slight  assistance  to  the  other  side  of  the  butt,  and  the  target  which 
appears  on  that  side  is  then  in  position.  The  value  of  the  hit  on  the 
target  now  behind  the  butt  is  disked  by  a  second  man  who  uses  a 
staff.  He  places  the  proper  disk  on  the  marking  board  and  thus 
does  not  interfere  with  the  firer  about  to  fire  on  the  target  in  posi- 
tion. The  location  of  the  hits  are  shown  by  the  use  of  spotters 
placed  in  the  shot  holes  by  a  third  man  who  also  pastes  the  holes 
as  soon  as  he  removes  the  spotter.  One  man  can  perform  the 
necessary  service  in  the  pit,  but  as  two  pair  of  firers  can  use  the 
target  at  the  same  time,  three  men  can  give  service  as  fast  as  four 
firers  can  shoot.  * 

The  target  frames  each  contain  two  targets,  all  the  frames  are 
16  feet  long  except  the  frame  for  the  long  range  target  which,  if 
double,  must  be  at  least  24  feet  long.  It  is  better,  however,  to  use 
a  frame  16  feet  long  for  the  long  range  target,  using  only  one  target 
on  the  frame,  and  always  pushing  it  put  on  the  same  side.  The 
24-foot  frame  is  heavy,  unwieldy  and  difficult  to  make  strong.  The 
frames  are  made  of  rough  boards  3  inches  or  more  wide.  The 
frame  should  be  a  few  inches  wider  than  6  feet  so  that  when  tar- 
gets are  pasted  on  there  will  be  a  part  of  the  board  frame  below  the 
target,  and  in  the  guide  trench  to  prevent  the  wind  from  disturbing 
the  target. 

Separate  frames  should  be  provided  for  the  A,  B,  C,  and  D 
targets.  When  not  in  use  these  frames  are  piled  back  of  the  butt, 
and  when  necessary  to  change  kind  of  target,  change  entire  frame. 

135 


Numerous  shot  holes  do  not  make  them  unserviceable.  On  a 
temporary  Marine  Corps  rifle  range  at  Leilehua,  near  Honolulu, 
one  set  of  frames  lasted  an  entire  season  of  three  months. 


EXTRACT  FROM  ORDERS. 

Special  Order  Navy  Department, 

No.  109.  Washington,  D.  C,  August  22,  1911. 

20.  The  following  outfit  is  fixed  as  the  authorized  allowance 
of  equipment  for  range  practice,  and  for  use  of  the  rifle  team,  for 
each  marine  detachment  serving  aboard  vessels  of  the  Navy,  and 
for  each  company  of  marines  serving  ashore.  At  posts  where 
marines  are  not  regularly  organized  into  companies,  and  where 
the  average  number  of  men  exceeds  100,  two  outfits  will  be  allowed. 
Requisitions  for  these  outfits  may  be  made  on  the  respective  depot 
quartermasters  in  charge  of  the  Marine  Corps  depots  of  supplies. 

Articles. 

4  barrack  cleaning  rods. 

1  field  glasses,  pair. 

4  gun  rests. 

4  micrometers,  or  verniers,  for  adjusting  sights. 

1   micrometer   calipers. 

1  Modern  Rifle  Shooting. 

4  Provisional  Small  Arms  Firing  Manuals,  United  States 
Army,  1909. 

4  Suggestions  to  Military  Riflemen  (Whelen). 

2  telescopes. 

136 


2  telescope  rests. 

00  buckshot  (1  pound  annually  for  each  50  men). 
Canton  flannel   (1  yard  per  man  annually). 

Score  books  (1  for  each  man  annually),  United  States  Marine 
Corps. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  GENERAL  ORDER,  NO.  112,  NAVY  DE- 
PARTMENT, WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  APRIL  26,  1911. 

A  thorough  knowledge  of  the  complete  general  order  is  indispensable  to 
officers  and  to  men  concerned  with  the  preparation  of  muster  rolls,  pay  rolls, 
and  target  reports. 

Only  such  parts   as  are  of  interest  to  riflemen   are  quoted  below. 

General  Order  Navy  Department, 

No.  112  Washington,  D.  C,  April  26,  1911. 

1.  *  *  *  When  firing  for  qualification  under  Army  firing  regula- 
tions *  *  *  the  Provisional  Small  Arms  Firing  Manual,  United 
States  Army,  1909,  shall  govern. % 

3.  "Prizes    for    excellency     m     gunnery     exercise     and    target 
practice,    both    afloat    and    ashore,    in    all    competitions    occurring 
subsequently  to  June  30,  1906,  shall  be  awarded  and  paid  to  enlisted 
men  of  the  Marine  Corps,  in  like  manner,  in  the  same  amounts,  and 
under  the  same  conditions  as  to  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy."  (Execu- 
tive order,  Oct.  1,  1906.) 

4.  (a)  Classification  under  Firing  Regulations  for  Small  Arms, 
United  States  Navy,  does  not  entitle  enlisted  men  of  the   Marine 

137 


Corps  to  the  extra  compensation  provided  for  by  law  for  expert 
riflemen,  sharpshooters,  and  marksmen  of  the  Army,  and  applicable 
to  the  Marine  Corps  by  statute.  To  receive  such  extra  compen- 
sation enlisted  men  of  the  Marine  Corps  must  qualify  under  the 
firing  regulations  specified  in  the  first  paragraph,  and  in  order  to 
enable  marines  serving  afloat  to  qualify  under  the  said  regulations 
they  will,  whenever  practicable,  be  given  opportunity  to  fire  under 
said  regulations,  and  when  held  such  practice  will  be  in  addition  to 
and  separate  and  distinct  from  the  practice  of  the  crews  of  naval 
vessels. 

9.  (a)  A  marine  is  entitled  to  fire  the  regular  record  practice 
for  classification  under  the  Army  firing  regulations  only  once  during 
each  target  or  calendar  year,  and  men  who  have  qualified  as  marks- 
men are  not  again  required  to  fire  the  marksman's  course  for 
classification  during  the  succeeding  years  of  their  enlistment;  like- 
wise, men  who  have  qualified  as  sharpshooters  are  not  again  re- 
quired to  fire  the  marksman's  or  sharpshooter's  course  for  classifi- 
cation during  current  enlistment.  Men  who  have  qualified  as  ex- 
pert riflemen  are  not  again  required  to  fire  for  classification  during 
the  current  enlistment. 

19.  Prizes  for  excellency  in  target  practice  will  be  awarded 
and  paid  to  enlisted  men  of  the  Marine  Corps  only  when  they 
have  fired  the  Navy  marksman's  course.  At  all  stations  where 
there  are  available  range  facilities  the  enlisted  men  stationed 
thereat  are,  if  practicable,  required  to  fire  the  Navy  marksman's  course 
onoe  per  year,  and  are  permitted  to  fire  that  course  twice  per  year, 
and  individual  prizes  may  be  awarded  for  both  such  practices.  The 

138 


rules  for  awarding  these  prizes  are  prescribed  in  the  Firing  Regula- 
tions for  Small  Arms,  contained  in  the  Landing  Force  and  Small 
Arms  Instructions,  United  States  Navy.* 

*  EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  LANDING  FORCE  AND  SMALL  ARMS 
INSTRUCTIONS,  U.  S.  NAVY,  1911,  pp.  350  and  351. 

251.  Rules  for  awarding  prizes.— i.    Commanding  officers  are  authorized  and 
directed  to  award  prizes  for  small-arm  marksmanship  to  enlisted  men  under  the 
command  as   follows: 

2.  There   shall   be  three  classes  of  prizes,   namely: 

(a)  First  prizes  of  $10.00  each. 

(b)  Second  prizes  of  $5.00  each. 

(c)  Third  prizes  of  $2.00  each. 

3.  For  every  twenty-five  enlisted  men  who  complete  the  marksman's  course 
(whether  they  succeed  in  classifying  or  not),  the  commanding  officer  will  award 
one  first  prize,  one  second  prize,  and  two  third  prizes;  provided  that  the  prizes 
shall  be   awarded  to  the  enlisted  men  who  have  the  highest  final  merit  in  rifle 
and  pistol  firing  at  the  marksman's  course. 

252.  Men  who  complete  the  required  marksman's  course  on  any  practice  will 
be  counted  in  determining  the  prizes  to  be  awarded;    *    *    *    men  who  have  only 
partially   completed   the   marksman's   course   will   not  be   counted   in   determining 
the  number  of  prizes  to  be  awarded. 

253.  In  case  the  number  of  enlisted  men  who  complete  the  prescribed  course 
of  firing  is  not  an  exact  multiple  of  25,  the  multiple  of  25  which  is  nearest  to  the 
number   of   men   who   completed   the   prescribed   course   of   firing  will    decide   the 
number  of  prizes  to  be  awarded.     Thus,  if  112  men  finished  the  prescribed  course 
of  range-firing  for  their  respective  classifications,  4  sets  of  prizes  will  be  awarded, 
but  if  113  men  finished  the  course,  5  sets  of  prizes  would  be  awarded,  as  125  is 
the  nearest  multiple  of  25.     In  no  case,  however,  shall  a  first  prize  be  awarded 
to  any  man  unless  he  has  duly  qualified  as  marksman  (80  per  cent.)  on  the  prac- 
tice for  which  the  prize  is  given  (under  the  conditions  specified  in  the  "General 
Instructions  for  Rifle  and  Pistol  Firing");  or  a  second  prize  to  any  man  unless 

139 


The  number  of  second  or  third  prizes  awarded  will  not  be 
increased  by  reason  of  men  failing  to  qualify  sufficiently  high 
to  be  awarded  the  authorized  number  of  first  or  second  prizes. 

Insignia  will  not  be  awarded  to  officers  or  enlisted  men  serv- 
ing at  shore  stations  who  qualify  in  the  Navy  courses. 

20.  Commanding   officers    (those   rendering   muster   rolls)    will 
determine    the    amount    of    instruction    practice    preceding    record 
practice    for    Navy    marksman's    course,    and    may    dispense    with 
instruction  practice  or  vary  the  amount  thereof  in  individual  cases. 

21.  At    stations    where    there    are    companies    which    prepare 
separate    muster    rolls    and    pay    rolls    the    enlisted    men    of    each 
organization  will   compete  with  each   other  and  not  with  men   of 
other  organizations. 

27.  Gallery  practice  is  a  preliminary  instruction.  It  is  not  taken 
into  account  in  deciding  qualification,  and  no  entry  of  gallery  scores 
or  gallery  qualifications  will  be  made  in  the  descriptive  book.  No 
report  of  gallery  firing  is  required. 

29.  Bars  will  be  awarded  to  enlisted  men  upon  re-qualification 
in  each  enlistment;  to  officers  upon  three  annual  qualifications, 
not  necessarily  consecutive. 

duly  qualified  as  either  a  marksman  or  a  first-class  man,  or  a  third  prize  to  any 
but  a  marksman,  first-class  man,  or  a  second-class  man. 

255.  When  prizes  are  to  be  awarded.— (i)  All  vessels  are  required  by  these 
instructions  to  carry  out  small-arm  target  practice  once  per  year,  and  they  are 
permitted  to  carry  out  during  the  year  another  practice  for  which  prizes  are  to 
be  awarded.  Ammunition  being  unlimited  in  allowance,  other  firing  may  of 
course  be  carried  out  at  any  time,  but  only  on  two  practices  in  any  one  year 
can  prizes  be  issued.  Men  will,  however,  be  permitted  to  qualify  on  any  complete 
record  firing  during  the  year  *  *. 

140 


30.  In  addition  to  the  prizes  awarded  from  public  funds,  there 
may  be  appropriated  from  the  post  exchange,  post  or  company 
fund  in  the  regular  manner  other  prizes  for  marksmanship  com- 
petitions, either  rifle,  revolver,  gallery,  sub-target  machine  gun, 
field  pieces,  automatic  guns,  or  markmanship  contests  of  any 
species.  Such  competitions  or  matches  may  be  specially  arranged 
at  posts  or  held  in  conjunction  with  post,  interpost,  division,  or 
Marine  Corps  competitions.  Officers  are  not  debarred  from  these 
competitions  and  may  be  granted  prizes  therein.  In  like  manner 
matches  may  -be  arranged  and  prizes  paid  from  funds  received  by 
donation,  voluntary  entrance  fees,  or  from  any  proper  source. 

POST  COMPETITIONS. 

32.  (a)  Post  competitions,  corresponding  to  the  competitions 
between  the  various  gun  divisions  or  rifle  teams  of  a  ship,  referred 
to  in  Landing  Force  and  Small  Arms  Instructions,  United  States 
Navy,*  will  be  held  twice  per  year  by  marines  stationed  at  posts 
whose  garrisons  are  afforded  practice. 

*  EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  LANDING  FORCE  AND  SMALL  ARMS 
INSTRUCTIONS,  U.   S.   NAVY,   1911,  pp.  351   and  352. 

256.  (i)  Commanding  officers  will  encourage  and  facilitate  voluntary  prac- 
tice with  the  rifle  and  pistol  and  competition  between  the  various  gun-divisions 
or  rifle-teams  of  the  ship.  Competition  between  the  rifle-teams  of  different  ships 
should  also  be  encouraged,  and  the  men  forming  such  teams  should  be  given 
opportunities  to  prepare  for  these  match  contests. 

2.  Prize  money  for  gun-division,  or  ship-teams  is  authorized  as  follows: 
Each  half-year  commanding  officers  may  allow  for  division  competitions  $2.00  for 
each  man  that  actually  fires  on  each  competing  division-team,  the  whole  sum  to 
go  to  the  winning  team  *  *.  This  allowance  will  be  made  only  once  in  a 
half-year  for  any  one  division.  Division-teams  will  consist  of  eight- men.  In 

141 


(b)  One  team  of  8  enlisted  men  will  be  allowed  for  each 
company,  and  if  companies  are  not  returned  for  on  separate 
muster  rolls,  one  team  will  be  allowed  for  each  54  (fractions  dis- 
regarded) enlisted  men  serving  on  the  last  day  of  the  month 
preceding  that  in  which  the  competition  is  held,  provided  that 
at  each  post  at  least  two  teams  will  be  authorized  to  compete, 
regardless  of  the  number  of  companies  or  the  number  of  enlisted 
men  serving  thereat. 

(d)  The  course  of  fire  in  post  competitions  for  which  prizes 
are   awarded   on    the   pay   rolls    will    consist   of   the    record   prac- 
tice,    Navy   marksman's    course.      Preliminary     practice     may    be 
authorized,    but    the    scores    of    preliminary    practice    will    not    be 
shown  on  the  report  of  the  competition. 

(e)  The   total   prize   money  will   be   awarded   to   the   winning 
team,  and  each  member  of  the  winning-  team  will  be  credited  on  the 
pay   roll   with    a    sum   equivalent   to   $2  times   the   number   of   au- 
thorized teams  competing, 

order   to   entitle   teams   to    this    award,    the   competition   must   include   the   entire 
course  of  record  firing,  both  rifle  and  pistol,  at  the  prescribed  marksman's  course. 

3.  In  order  to  add  to  the  interest  in  ships'  competitions,  and  to  make  avail- 
able a  fund  from  which  prizes  may  be  awarded,  whenever  two  or  more  ships  are 
in  company,  commanders-in-chief,  squadron  commanders,  or  senior  officers  present 
are  authorized  to  offer  a  sum  not  exceeding  $5.00  for  each  man  that  actually  fires 
on  each  competing  ships'  team,  the  whole  sum  to  go  to  the  winning  team    *    *    *. 
This    allowance    will,   for   any   one    ship,    be   made   only   once    during   any   half- 
year    *    *    *. 

4.  Ships'  teams  will  consist  of  twelve  men,  and,  as  in  division  competitions, 
the  entire  prescribed  record  firing  of  the  marksman's  course  must  be  completed 
Any  number  of  shir>s  may  enter  a  competition,  not-  more  than  $.5,00  per  man  belrc 
allowed   for   each     *    *    *,       ' 


INTERPOST  COMPETITIONS. 

33.  (a)  In  each  target  year  there  will  be  held  interpost  com- 
petitions corresponding  to  the  competitions  between  the  rifle  teams 
of  different  ships  referred  to  in  Landing  Force  and  Small  Arms 
Instructions,  United  States  Navy. 

(b)  Competing  teams  will  consist  of  one  team  of  6  enlisted 
men,    selected   by  the   commanding  officer   of   each   post   which   is 
herein  authorized  to  send  the  number  of  6  enlisted  competitors  to 
the  division  competition.     In  the  Philippine  Islands  the  interpost 
teams  will  consist  of  12  enlisted  competitors. 

(c)  The  course  of  firing  in  interpost  competitions  for  which 
prizes   are    awarded    on    the   pay   rolls   will   consist   of   the   record 
practice,   Navy  marksman's  course. 

(d)  The   total   prize   money  will   be  awarded  to   the  winning 
team,  and  each  member  of  the  winning  team  will  be  credited  on 
the  pay  roll  with  a  sum  equivalent  to  $5  times  the  authorized  num- 
ber of  teams  competing. 

(f)  In   the   Philippines   this   competition   will  be  between   the 
regiments  of  the  brigade,  even  though  parts  of  the  regiment  are 
stationed  at  same  posts. 

(g)  The   various   posts    of   the    Marine    Corps   in   the   United 
States  and  the  Territory  of  Hawaii  will,  for  the  purpose  of  this 
competition,  be   divided   into   groups   by  the  major   general   com- 
mandant who   will   further  designate   the   rhtes  and   places  for   Hie 
holding  of  these  competitions. 

141 


Marine   Corps  rifle  competition, 

corresponding   to    like   competitions    for   the    Army;    i.    e.,    depart- 
mental and  Armv. 


34.  There   will   be   held   annually — 

Division   rifle  competitions,  and 

Marine   Corps  rifle  competition, 

^..jding   to    ' 

mental  and  Army. 

DIVISION  COMPETITIONS. 

35.  (a)   For    the    purpose    of    this    competition    the    following 
divisions  are  defined: 

1.  The  North  Atlantic  Division,  comprising  all  posts  along  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  north  of  the  Potomac  River. 

2.  The    Southern   Division,    comprising    all    posts     along    the 
Atlantic  coast  south  of  the  Potomac  River  and  those  posts  along 
the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

3.  The  Pacific  Division,  comprising  those  posts  on  the  Pacific 
coast  and  in  the  Territory  of  Hawaii. 

4.  The    Philippines    Division,    comprising    those    posts    in    the 
Philippine  Islands. 

(b)  Isolated  stations  such  as  Sitka,  Guam,  Panama,  San  Juan, 
Guantanamo,  and  other  posts  not  in  the  Philippines  Division  and 
beyond   the   continental   limits    of   the    United   States,   are   not   in- 
cluded in  these  divisions. 

(c)  In  all  divisions,  except  the  Philippines  Division,  the  com- 
petitions  will   be   held   during   the   week  beginning   with   the    first 
Monday   in   June.     In   the    Philippines    Division,   during   the   week 
beginning  with  the  second  Monday  in  March. 

(d)  North   Atlantic,   Southern,   and   Pacific   Division   competi- 
tions will  be  held  at  such  place  as  the  major  general  commandant 
may  direct 

X44 


Philippines  Division  competition  will  be  held  at  such  place 
as  the  brigade  commander  may  direct. 

(g)  Each  post  commanded  by  an  officer  situated  in  the  sev- 
eral divisions  will  furnish  six  enlisted  competitors,  selected  by 
the  commanding  officer,  and  as  many  officers  as  may  be  ordered 
by  the  major  general  commandant  or,  in  the  Philippines,  by  the 
brigade  commander. 

(h)  As  many  other  enlisted  men  who  are  regularly  classified 
or  entitled  to  classification  as  marksmen,  sharpshooters,  or  expert 
riflemen  as  may  be  present  on  the  range  and  officers  who  have 
ever  qualified  in  any  of  the  grades  of  or  above  marksman  may  be 
permitted  to  enter  this  competition. 

(i)  In  the  Philippines  Division  each  regiment,  instead  of  each 
post,  will  furnish  15  enlisted  competitors,  and  in  addition  thereto 
as  many  marksmen,  sharpshooters,  and  expert  riflemen  as  may  be 
present  and  desire  to  compete  may  be  so  permitted. 

(j)  Commanding  officers  of  isolated  stations  beyond  the  con- 
tinental limits  of  the  United  States,  commanding  officers  of  naval 
vessels,  and  commanding  officers  of  stations,  such  as  recruiting 
stations,  may  recommend  to  the  major  general  commandant,  or  to 
the  brigade  commander  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  individual  officers 
or  men  as  suitable  candidates  for  the  nearest  competition. 

(k)  The  division  team  will  consist  of  the  12  enlisted  men 
making  the  highest  aggregate  scores  in  the  competition,  and  in 
each  division  the  following  medals  will  be  awarded  according  to 
order  of  merit:  One  gold  medal,  three  silver  medals,  and  eight 
bronze  medals. 

(1)     Any    commissioned    officer   making   a    score   equal    to    or 

145 


greater  than  that  of  any  enlisted  member  of  the  team  will  receive 
a  medal  like  that  awarded  to  such  member. 

(m)  Course  of  firing  in  division  rifle  competition  will  be  record 
practice,  marksman's  course,  under  Army  Firing  Regulations,  1909. 

(n)  The  division  competition  will  be  preceded  by  a  like  course 
of  preliminary  practice. 

MARINE  CORPS  COMPETITION. 

36.  (a)  The  Marine  Corps  competition  will  be  held  at  such 
place  as  the  major  general  commandant  may  direct  during  the 
week  beginning  with  the  fourth  Monday  in  June. 

(c)  The  competitors  in  the  competition  will  consist  of  enlisted 
men  who  composed  the  division  teams  for  the  year  and  of  officers 
who  at  the  competitions  have  earned  authorized  medals,  together 
with  all  officers  and  enlisted  men  who  hold  regular  qualifications 
as  marksmen,  or  higher,  who  may  be  present  and  desire  to  compete. 

(g)  In  order  to  encourage  marksmen,  sharpshooters,  and  ex- 
pert riflemen  who  are  not  members  of  division  teams  to  participate 
in  the  Marine  Corps  competition,  the  major  general  commandant 
will  entertain,  if  properly  forwarded  and  approved,  applications  for 
officers  and  enlisted  men  to  attend  the  competition  at  their  own 
expense,  and  enlisted  men  may  include  in  their  applications  per- 
mission to  report  at  other  stations  at  the  conclusion  of  the  com- 
petition, or  of  the  furloughs  granted  them  for  the  purpose  of  at- 
tending the  competition. 

(h)  The  Marine  Corps  team  will  consist  of  the  12  enlisted 
men  making  the  highest  aggregate  scores  in  the  competition,  and 
the  following  medals  will  be  awarded  according  to  the  order  of 

146 


merit:  To  the  first  4  enlisted  competitors,  gold  medals;  to  the  re- 
maining 8  members,  silver  medals. 

(i)  Any  commissioned  officer  making  a  score  equal  to  <»r 
greater  than  that  of  any  enlisted  member  of  the  team  will  receive 
a  medal  like  that  awarded  to  such  member. 

(j)  The  course  of  firing  in  the  Marine  Corps  competition 
will  consist  of  the  record  practice  marksman's  course,  Provisional 
Small  Arms  Firing  Manual,  United  States  Army,  1909.  The  com- 
petition will  be  preceded  by  a  like  course  of  preliminary  practice. 

DISTINGUISHED  CLASSES  OF  MARKSMEN. 

37.  The  provisions  of  paragraph  332,  Provisional  Small  Arms 
Firing  Manual,  United  States  Army,  1909,*  relative  to  distinguished 
classes  of  marksmen,  will  prevail  in  the  Marine  Corps.  When  men 
or  officers  are  transferred  to  the  class  of  "distinguished  marksmen," 
the  fact  will  be  announced  in  Marine  Corps  orders,  and  although 
no  longer  eligible  for  a  place  on  the  division  team  of  the  arm  in 
which  they  are  distinguished,  they  may  fire  in  those  competitions 
and  will  be  graded  in  order  of  merit  as  extra  numbers  among  the 
competitors. 

*  EXTRACTS  FROM  PROVISIONAL  SMALL  ARMS  FIRING  MANUAL, 

U.  S.  ARMY,  1909. 
Distinguished  Classes  of  Marksmen. 

332.    Requirements.— Whenever  a  marksman  has  won  three  authorized  medals 
in  department,  departmental,  division,  and  army  rifle,  or  carbine  competitions,  *  * 
or  as   a   member   actually   firing   on   a  prize-winning   team   in   the   national   team 
match,  he  will  be  announced  in  orders  from  the  War  Department  as  belonging  to 
a  distinguished  class,  no  longer  eligible  to  enter  the  department  competitions  *  * 

147 


COLLECTIVE  FIRING. 

38.  The  following  system  of  collective  fire  is  adopted  for  the 
Marine  Corps: 

(a)  This   fire   will   be   held   by   squads   of   exactly   eight   men 
firing,  commanded  by  an  officer  or  enlisted  man,  or  by  groups  of 
such   squads    firing   simultaneously. 

(b)  The  prescribed  target  is  a  group  of  three  continuous  "C" 
targets;   thus,   the  target   will   be  6  feet   in   height  and   36   feet  in 
width.     The  bull's-eye   of   the   center  target  of  the  group  will  be 
the  objective.    When  groups  of  squads  fire  simultaneously,  separate 
groups  of  targets  will  be  provided  for  each  squad. 

(c)  The  squads   will  be  deployed  for  collective   fire,   and  the 
firing  and  exercise  will  be  conducted  in  accordance  with  the  prin- 
ciples of  drill  regulations.    When  several  squads  fire  simultaneously, 
the   skirmish   line    will   be   continuous,   with   no   intervals    between 
squads.    An  effort  should  be  made  to  include  each  enlisted  man  in  at 
least  one  collective  fire  squad  annually,  and  in  order  to  carry  out 
the  provisions  defined  below  men  may  be  required  to  so  fire  more 
than  once  per  year. 

(d)  In  order  that  relative  comparisons  of  the  efficacy  of  col- 
lective fire  of  the  men  of  the  various  grades  of  qualification  may  be 
obtained,  an  effort  will  be  made  to  compose  squads  entirely  of  men 
who  have  qualified  as  expert  riflemen,  sharpshooters,  or  marksmen 
(qualified  men),  of  men  who  have  fired  the  course  and  who  have 
failed  to   so   qualify   (unqualified  men),   and   of  men   untrained   in 
marksmanship   (recruits).     When  it  is  not  practicable  to  so  com- 
pose  squads,   the   squads   not   so   composed  will  be  designated  as 
mixed. 

148 


(f)  The  prescribed  course  for  collective  fire  is  as  follows: 
Each  man  of  the  firing  party  will,  in  both  volley  fire  and  fire  at 
will,  fire  5  rounds  at  each  400  yards,  600  yards,  800  yards,  and 
1,000  yards.  All  fire  will  be  from  the  prone  position.  The  fire 
may  be  begun  at  either  end  of  the  above-mentioned  sequence  of 
ranges.  For  instance,  the  volley  firing  may  begin  at  1,000  yards 
and  advance  to  the  completion  at  400  yards,  then  fire  at  will  may 
begin  at  400  yards,  the  party  then  retiring  to  the  other  ranges. 

(h)  In  case  a  range  of  1,000  yards  is  not  available,  the  firing 
will  be  held  at  as  many  of  the  ranges  (400,  600,  and  800  yards) 
as  is  possible. 

(i)  Each  time  a  squad  or  group  of  squads  is  practiced  in 
collective  fire  the  volley  fire  will  be  completed  at  all  ranges  before 
the  fire  at  will  is  begun,  and  on  each  group  the  number  of  shots 
on  the  bull's-eye  of  the  center  target,  the  number  of  shots  on  the 
entire  center  target,  and  the  number  of  shots  on  the  entire  group 
will  be  recorded  after  the  fire  at  each  range. 


149 


150 


151 


153 


Samuel  Kirk  &  Son  Co. 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 

Silversmiths 

The  Marine  Corps  Cup  was 
designed  and  made  by  us 


The  Oldest  Silversmiths  in  America 

Established  1817 


.22  Cal.  Semi-Smokeless 
.30  Cal.  Service 
.38  Cal.  Revolver 

AMMUNITION 

*I  Unequalled  for  accuracy  and 
all  the  essentials  of  dependable 
ammunition. 


HOPPE'S  "Best  Cleaning 

Material  I  know 
of."— £/.  Co!. 
C.  P.  Winder 
Winder  Target 
System,  Bloom- 

Trade  Mark  Registered  dale»  Ohi°* 

For  cleaning  the  Springfield  Rifle,  revolvers  and 
firearms  of  all  kinds.  It  will  prevent  rusting  and 
pitting  in  any  climate.  The  only  reliable  solvent 
ever  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  rifleman.  Sold  by 
dealers  and  at  Post  Exchanges. 

Frank  A.  Hoppe,  1741  N.  Darien  St.,  Phila. 


<I  Arabol  Gum  for  Target 
Pasting.  Used  by  the  U.  S. 
Government  and  State  Militia 
organizations  at  rifle  ranges. 

10  gallon  kegs  $3.00 


F.  O.  B.,  N.  Y. 

The  Arabol  Mfg.  Co. 

100  William  Street,   New  York 


154 


Uniforms  and  equipments  for 
all  branches  of  the  Govern- 
ment service:  Army,  Navy, 
Marine  Corps,  Revenue  Cut- 
ter, Public  Health  and  Marine 
Hospital. 

F.  J.  Heiberger  &  Son 

1419  F  Street  Northwest 
Washington,  D.  C. 


CARTRIDGES 

Were  selected  two  years  in 
succession  by  the  Government 
Board  of  Experts  as  being 

"The  Most  Accurate" 


Maxim  Silencer 

If  you  are  a  rifle  shooter >  you  cannot 
get  all  that  is  possible  from  your  rifle 
unless  you  have  a  Maxim  Silencer. 


It  will  check  the  muzzle  blast,  annul  the  report  noise,  and  reduce  the  recoil  over  two-thirds, 
and  entirely  stop  the  tendency  to  flinch.  It  makes  it  possible  for  you  to  enjoy  target  practice  in- 
doors or  out  whenever  you  please,  because  it  avoids  the  disturbing  noise. 

IT  WILL    MAKE    YOU    A    GOOD    SHOT 

It  positively  does  not  affect  accuracy.  It  can  be  attached  easily  to  any  rifle.  If  not  handled  by 
your  local  dealer,  you  can  have  one  sent  direct  from  us  by  mail.  Our  new  interesting  Maxim 
Silencer  catalog  sent  for  the  asking. 


MAXIM    SILENT 
19  COIt's    West    Armory 


FIREARMS    COMPANY 

Hartford,    Conn. 


155 


Range    Equipment 

National,  Standard  or  Pony  target 
carriers  for  outdoor  use.  CJ  Water- 
proof Frames  for "  A.B.C."  Targets. 
€J  Mechanical  amusement  galleries 
and  Steel  Indoor  Ranges  (or 
Armories,  Colleges,  etc.,  etc. 

Finigan-Zabriskie  Company 

PATERSON,  N.  J. 


^AMMUNITION 

HITS  WHERE  YOU  AIM 

OLYMPIC  GAMES 
Bisley,  Eng.,  1908  Stockholm,  1912 

United  States  Cartridge  Co. 
LOWELL,  MASS. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE 

United   States   Naval    Institute 

Published  Quarterly  by  the  Institute 

ANNAPOLIS,  MD. 

$  .75  a  Copy  $3.00  a  ^ear 

Official  Drill  Books  for  the  U.  S.  Navy 
The  Landing  Force  and  Small 

Arms  Instruction     .   Postpaid  $1.50 

Boat  Book      ....  1.00 

Ship  and  Gun  Drills     .  1 .30 

Bluejacket's  Manual       .          "  1 .30 

and  others,  published  by  the 

U.  S.  NAVAL  INSTITUTE,  Annapolis,   Nd. 


Riflemen's   Specialties 


All  Accessories  required  by  up-to-date 
military  riflemen,  Verniers  $2.75,  Mi- 
crometers $3.00,  Telescopes,  Shooting 
Bags,  Telescope  and  Rifle  Rests. 
Conroy's  One  Piece  Ball  Bearing  Brass 
Covered  Solid  Steel  Cleaning  Rods  $1 .00 
— Same  Style  of  Cleaning  Rod,  Jointed, 
$1.25,  Brass  Wire  Brush  for  same,  lOc. 

THOMAS  J.    CONROY 

28  John  Street,  Cor.  Nassau  St.,  New  York 


156 


"Small  Arms   Practice " 

is  one  of  the  Leading  Features  each  Month  of 

The  National  Guard  Magazine 

Publishes  more  news  of   the   National   Guard   than   all   other 
military  periodicals  combined 

The  most  successful  periodical  ever  published  in  the  interests  of 
the  National  Guard  of  all  the  States 


ASK    ABOUT   OUR   CLUB    OFFERS 
Illustrated— Monthly— $1.00  per  Year 

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The  National  Guard  Magazine 

Columbus,  Ohio 

1.57 


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can  win  the 

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this  year 
Work  Will  Do  It 


For  information  address 

Rifle  Smokless  Division 

E.  1.  Du  Pont  De  Nemours  Powder  Co. 

Wilmington,  Del. 


Stevens  Indoor  Target  Rifles 


NOS.  404  and  414 

designed  expressly  for  National 
Guard,  Rifle  Clubs,  University  and 
High  School  Teams,  etc.  Stevens 
Rifles  hold  more  records  for 
accuracy  than  all  other  makes 

combined.    Send  for  latest  Catalogs. 

J.  STEVENS  ARMS  &  TOOL  CO. 

CHICOPEE  FALLS,  MASS. 


PAUL  J.  DEVITT 

1101  S.  Second  St.,  Philadelphia 


These  are  kind  supplied  to  Marine  Corps. 

Marine  Corps  Shooting  Case  (Leather)  -     $10.00 

Micrometers  for  setting  sights    -     -     -  $2.00 

Stee!  Spiingfield  Cleaning  Rods  (Swivel  Handle)     $1.00 

Prices  above  include  delivery  charges  when  remit- 
tance accompanies  order  to  any  point  in  the  U.  S. 
Orders  for  Cleaning  Roils  to  points  West  of  the  Missis- 
sippi must  be  for  five  or  more  to  secure  prepayment 
of  delivery. 


SPECIALIST  in  Shooting 
Glasses  and  Toric  Lenses, 
made  in  any  style  frame,  any 
color  glass  and  ground  ac- 
cording to  any  prescription. 

FRANK    H.    EDMONDS 

1418  New  York  Avenue 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


158 


THE 

ARMY  AND  NAVY  JOURNAL 

HITS  THE 

BULLS- 
EYE 

OF  SERVICE   OPINION 

because  it  gives  full  and  reliable  professional  and  social  news  of  the  Army, 
Navy,  Marine  Corps,  Revenue  Cutter  Service  and  National  Guard.  The 
Journal  is  universally  recognized  as  the  leading  Military  and  Naval  periodical 
in  the  Uaited  States,  the  most  complete,  widely  circulated  and  influential. 
Every  Soldier,  Sailor,  and  Guardsman  should  subscribe.  To  individual  mem- 
bers of  the  Services,  National  Guard,  Military  and  Naval  Academies  the 

Subscription  Price  is  $3.00  per  Year 
Published  Weekly   (Saturday)   at 

20  VESEY  STREET  NEW  YORK 


159 


&» 

Diamond    Merchants,    Jewelers,    Silversmiths 

Trophies,  Cups,  Shields, 
Medals  and  Prizes  appro- 
priate for  all  military  events 

€J  Photographs  of  finished 
pieces  furnished  on  request 

Designs   and    estimates   Submitted . 
No  charge;  no  obligation. 

1218-20-22  CHESTNUT  ST.,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


160 


M286638 


ME '3 '33 
H3 

/O/ 3 
THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


Elliott  Trophy 


Presented  ty  the  officers  of  the  U.  S. 
Marine  Corps  Rifle  Teams  of  1909 
and  1910,  in  appreciation  of  the  interest 
and  support  of  Major  General  George 
F.  Elliott,  in  promoting  skill  in  Military 
Marksmanship. 

To  be  competed  for  ty  teams  from 
Marine  Barrack*,  Washington,  D.  C. 
and  Marine  Barracks,  Navy  Yard, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  as  often  as  teams 
from  these  two  barracks  meet  in  inter- 
post  competition.  The  match  to  be 
open  to  teams  from  any  other  barracks 
competing  at  the  same  time  and  place. 

Designed  and  made  by  the 
Bailey,  Banks  &  fliddle  Go. 


Bay  State  Military  Ri 


iation  Trophy 


Presented  to  the  U.  S.  Marine  Corps  by  the  Bay  State  Military  Rifle  Association,  to 
be  competed  for  by  teams  competing  in  inter-pott  competition  at  Wakefield,  Mass. 


